BARREN STALK FASTIGIATE1 Is an AT-Hook Protein Required for the Formation of Maize Ears

Gallavotti, Andrea; Malcomber, Simon T.; Gaines, Craig; Stanfield, Sharon; Whipple, Clinton; Kellogg, Elizabeth A.; Schmidt, Robert J.

doi:10.1105/tpc.111.084590

Cited by 84 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Histological sections of maize ears were stained with Toluidine blue, and leaf sections were stained with Saffranin O and Alcian Blue as previously described (Gallavotti et al, 2011) and visualized with a Leica DM5500B microscope. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was performed on a Leica SP5 confocal microscope using 514-nm excitation and 520-to 575-nm emission.…”

Section: Histology and Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T7 and SP6 RNA polymerases were used for in vitro transcription using the DIG RNA labeling kit (Roche Diagnostics). Experimental procedures were previously described (Gallavotti et al, 2011).…”

Section: Expression Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…pEarlyGate104 containing a 35S pro :YFP cassette with the ccdB cassette removed was used as a YFP only control. The corresponding Agrobacterium tumefaciens tobacco leaf infection was performed as described previously (Gallavotti et al, 2011).…”

Section: Complementation Test and Transient Expression Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Boron Efflux Transporter ROTTEN EAR Is Required for Maize Inflorescence Development and Fertility

et al. 2014

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Although boron has a relatively low natural abundance, it is an essential plant micronutrient. Boron deficiencies cause major crop losses in several areas of the world, affecting reproduction and yield in diverse plant species. Despite the importance of boron in crop productivity, surprisingly little is known about its effects on developing reproductive organs. We isolated a maize (Zea mays) mutant, called rotten ear (rte), that shows distinct defects in vegetative and reproductive development, eventually causing widespread sterility in its inflorescences, the tassel and the ear. Positional cloning revealed that rte encodes a membrane-localized boron efflux transporter, co-orthologous to the Arabidopsis thaliana BOR1 protein.Depending on the availability of boron in the soil, rte plants show a wide range of phenotypic defects that can be fully rescued by supplementing the soil with exogenous boric acid, indicating that rte is crucial for boron transport into aerial tissues. rte is expressed in cells surrounding the xylem in both vegetative and reproductive tissues and is required for meristem activity and organ development. We show that low boron supply to the inflorescences results in widespread defects in cell and cell wall integrity, highlighting the structural importance of boron in the formation of fully fertile reproductive organs.

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Section: Histology and Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Expression Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Boron Efflux Transporter ROTTEN EAR Is Required for Maize Inflorescence Development and Fertility

et al. 2014

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“…Although the PPC domain is also found in prokaryotic proteins, these do not contain the AT-hook motif (Fujimoto et al, 2004). Plant-specific AT-hook members have been shown to be involved in diverse processes, such as hypocotyl elongation, flower development, gibberellin biosynthesis, leaf senescence, and stem cell niche specification (Lim et al, 2007;Matsushita et al, 2007;Street et al, 2008;Ng et al, 2009;Gallavotti et al, 2011). In Arabidopsis, 29 members belong to the AT-hook family (Fujimoto et al, 2004;Matsushita et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell-to-Cell Movement of Two Interacting AT-Hook Factors inArabidopsisRoot Vascular Tissue Patterning

et al. 2013

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The xylem and phloem, major conducting and supporting tissues in vascular plants, are established by cell division and celltype specification in the procambium/cambium. The organization of the xylem, phloem, and procambium/cambium is tightly controlled. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we report the discovery of two transcription factors, AT-HOOK MOTIF NUCLEAR LOCALIZED PROTEIN 3 (AHL3) and AHL4, which regulate vascular tissue boundaries in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. In either of the knockout mutants of AHL3 and AHL4, encoding closely related AT-hook transcription factors, a misspecification of tissue boundaries between the xylem and procambium occurred and ectopic xylem developed in the procambium domain. In plants, specific types of transcription factors can serve as direct intercellular signals by moving from one cell to another, playing crucial roles in tissue patterning. Adding to this paradigm, AHL4 moves actively from the procambium to xylem in the root meristem to regulate the tissue boundaries. When the intercellular movement of AHL4 was impaired, AHL4 could not complement the xylem phenotype in the ahl4. Furthermore, AHL4 revealed unique characteristics in that it interacts with AHL3 in vivo and that this interaction facilitates their intercellular trafficking. Taken together, this study uncovered a novel mechanism in vascular tissue patterning that requires the intercellular trafficking of two interacting transcription factors.

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“…REL2 is a homolog of the TOPLESS protein of Arabidopsis, which represses auxin response genes (3). The third locus is BARREN STALK FASTIGIATE (BAF1), located on chromosome 9S, which encodes a transcriptional regulator containing an AT-hook DNAbinding motif (4). Cross-sections through the base of the lateral branch in baf1 mutants showed a significantly reduced pulvinus compared with wild-type plants.…”

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confidence: 99%

TCP transcription factor, BRANCH ANGLE DEFECTIVE 1 (BAD1), is required for normal tassel branch angle formation in maize

Bai

Reinheimer

Durantini

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In grass inflorescences, a structure called the "pulvinus" is found between the inflorescence main stem and lateral branches. The size of the pulvinus affects the angle of the lateral branches that emerge from the main axis and therefore has a large impact on inflorescence architecture. Through EMS mutagenesis we have identified three complementation groups of recessive mutants in maize having defects in pulvinus formation. All mutants showed extremely acute tassel branch angles accompanied by a significant reduction in the size of the pulvinus compared with normal plants. Two of the complementation groups correspond to mutations in the previously identified genes, RAMOSA2 (RA2) and LIGULELESS1 (LG1). Mutants corresponding to a third group were cloned using mapped-based approaches and found to encode a new member of the plant-specific TCP (TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/ PROLIFERATING CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN FACTOR) family of DNAbinding proteins, BRANCH ANGLE DEFECTIVE 1 (BAD1). BAD1 is expressed in the developing pulvinus as well as in other developing tissues, including the tassels and juvenile leaves. Both molecular and genetics studies show that RA2 is upstream of BAD1, whereas LG1 may function in a separate pathway. Our findings demonstrate that BAD1 is a TCP class II gene that functions to promote cell proliferation in a lateral organ, the pulvinus, and influences inflorescence architecture by impacting the angle of lateral branch emergence.lateral branch angle | maize inflorescence | architecture | tassel development M aize produces two types of inflorescences: the male tassel at the apex of the plant and the female ears in the axils of vegetative leaves. The tassel forms directly from the shoot apical meristem (SAM) following the elongation and transition of the SAM into an inflorescence meristem. During development the tassel bears four types of higher-order meristems: branch meristems, spikelet pair meristems, spikelet meristems, and floral meristems.

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BARREN STALK FASTIGIATE1 Is an AT-Hook Protein Required for the Formation of Maize Ears

Cited by 84 publications

References 47 publications

The Boron Efflux Transporter ROTTEN EAR Is Required for Maize Inflorescence Development and Fertility

The Boron Efflux Transporter ROTTEN EAR Is Required for Maize Inflorescence Development and Fertility

Cell-to-Cell Movement of Two Interacting AT-Hook Factors inArabidopsisRoot Vascular Tissue Patterning

TCP transcription factor, BRANCH ANGLE DEFECTIVE 1 (BAD1), is required for normal tassel branch angle formation in maize

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