Barrier effect of degassing and destruction of the Earth’s crust

Gufeld, I. L.; Matveeva, M. I.

doi:10.1134/s1028334x11050199

Cited by 10 publications

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“…Phase transitions [41] and matter-saturation by hydrogen and helium cause dramatic decrease of the mantle and rock viscosity [47] [48], thus promoting localization of deformations and auto-focusing of the matter-heat flows.…”

Section: Thermo-chemical Flows As a Natural Carrier Of Ionic Currentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-Electrochemical Processes of the Earth’s Degassing Creating Geomagnetic Field and Changing Its Value and Direction (Thermodynamic Approach)

Vol¹

2014

IJG

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The currently accepted theory of self-exciting dynamo generating magnetic field of the Earth and its shortage of energy is critically reviewed. Based on thermodynamic approach, a new hypothesis of the Earth's magnetic field, created by thermo-electrochemical processes of the Earth's degassing, gravitational differentiation and their energy, is proposed. The ion-exchange, extraction and solidification are sources of the ionic currents on solid core and lower mantle boundaries. These currents are carried by thermo-chemical flows, which create the primary exciting magnetic field. This field is amplified mostly by thermoelectricity generated by heat flow thus improving the heat and matter transport from the Earth's core and lower mantle to surface. Migration of the solidification zones and inner core precession are the main causes of changes of the main magnetic field intensity and reversals of its polarity.

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Section: Thermo-chemical Flows As a Natural Carrier Of Ionic Currentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-Electrochemical Processes of the Earth’s Degassing Creating Geomagnetic Field and Changing Its Value and Direction (Thermodynamic Approach)

Vol¹

2014

IJG

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“…Среда на глубинах больше 6 км переходит в разрушенное со стояние -состояние деструкции, что соответствует также оценкам реологических свойств при соответст вующих Р-Т условиях [Николаевский, 1980, 1982]. Ла бораторное моделирование разрушения образцов при имплантации в них водорода и гелия подтверждает реальность такого состояния среды [Gufeld et al, 2011]. Таким образом, с учетом наличия газовой ком поненты и последствий взаимодействия водорода и гелия с твердой фазой, внутриблоковая структура мо жет быть глубоко текстурированной и раздробленной, локальная деформация и пластическое течение в ней будут контролироваться давлением газовой компонен ты в порах и потоком междоузельной диффузии лег ких газов.…”

Section: поле дегазации земли и структура геологическойunclassified

“…вне среды. Покажем это на примере кристалла оливина, выделен ного из гарцбургита [Gufeld et al, 2011]. Предвари тельно выбранная поверхность кристалла полирова лась тонкой алмазной пастой и затем была слабо про травлена плавиковой кислотой (рис.…”

Section: поле дегазации земли и структура геологическойunclassified

“…b -this photo was taken seven days late; dislocation rosettes are observed at the left and right sides of indenter impress 1. [Gufeld et al, 2011]. Дегазация исходных образцов горных материалов также показывает особенности сформировавшейся структуры.…”

Section: поле дегазации земли и структура геологическойunclassified

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Why we cannot predict strong earthquakes in the Earth’s crust

Gufeld

Матвеева

Новоселов³

2011

Geodyn. Tectonophys.

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In the past decade, earthquake disasters caused multiple fatalities and significant economic losses and challenged the modern civilization. The wellknown achievements and growing power of civilization are backstrapped when facing the Nature. The question arises, what hinders solving a problem of earthquake prediction, while longterm and continuous seis mic monitoring systems are in place in many regions of the world. For instance, there was no forecast of the Japan Great Earthquake of March 11, 2011, despite the fact that monitoring conditions for its prediction were unique. Its focal zone was 100-200 km away from the monitoring network installed in the area of permanent seismic hazard, which is subject to non stop and longterm seismic monitoring. Lesson should be learned from our common fiasco in forecasting, taking into account research results obtained during the past 50-60 years.It is now evident that we failed to identify precursors of the earthquakes. Prior to the earthquake occurrence, the observed local anomalies of various fields reflected other processes that were mistakenly viewed as processes of preparation for large scale faulting. For many years, geotectonic situations were analyzed on the basis of the physics of destruction of laboratory specimens, which was applied to the lithospheric conditions. Many researchers realize that such an approach is inaccurate. Nonetheless, persistent attempts are being undertaken with application of modern computation to detect anomalies of various fields, which may be interpreted as earthquake precursors. In our opinion, such illusory intentions were smashed by the Great Japan Earthquake ( Figure 6). It is also obvious that sufficient attention has not been given yet to fundamental studies of seis mic processes. R e c e n t g e o d y n a m i c sThis review presents the authors' opinion concerning the origin of the seismic process and strong earthquakes, being part of the process. The authors realize that a wide discussion is needed to address the issues raised in this publication, including problems and possibilities of prediction of earthquakes in the crust.Incontrovertible achievements of the Earth sciences are reviewed, considering specific features of seismic events and variations of various parameters of the lithosphere, the block structure of the lithosphere and processes in the lithosphere. Much attention is given to analyses of driving forces of the seismotectonic process. The studies of variations of parameters of the medium, including rapid (hourly or daily) changes, show that processes, that predetermine the state of stresses or the en ergy capacity of the medium (Figures 2 and 3) in the lithosphere, are overlooked. Analyses are based on processes of interac tions between ascending flows of hydrogen and helium and the solid lithosphere. A consequence of such processes is gas porosity that controls many parameters of the medium and the oscillation regime of the threedimensional state of stresses of the block structures (Figures 6, 7, and 12), which impacts...

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