Barrier Mechanisms in the Brain, Ii. Immature Brain

Saunders, NR; Habgood,; Dzięgielewska, Katarzyna M.

doi:10.1046/j.1440-1681.1999.02987.x

Cited by 172 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…This may be due to active secretion from the choroid plexus into the CSF, or from the contents within the extracellular membrane bound particles that are present in the rodent CSF during development, or potentially to aposomes budding from the choroid plexus and floating within the CSF that have been shown previously to support protein translation. 3,44,45 Whether these particles or aposomes have any function during development still needs to be determined.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 The choroid plexus develops in the lateral ventricles, and in the third and fourth ventricles of the brain. In rats, the choroid plexus can be first identified in the fourth ventricle at embryonic day 12 (E12) and in the lateral ventricle at E13 as a midline structure, and by E15, it represents paired structures protruding into the lateral ventricles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Human and Rat Embryonic Cerebrospinal Fluid

et al. 2007

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During vertebrate central nervous system development, the apical neuroepithelium is bathed with embryonic Cerebrospinal Fluid (e-CSF) which plays regulatory roles in cortical cell proliferation and maintenance. Here, we report the first proteomic analysis of human e-CSF and compare it to an extensive proteomic analysis of rat e-CSF. As expected, we identified a large collection of protease inhibitors, extracellular matrix proteins, and transport proteins in CSF. However, we also found a surprising suite of signaling and intracellular proteins not predicted by previous proteomic analysis. Some of the intracellular proteins are likely to represent the contents of microvesicles recently described within the CSF (Marzesco, A. M., et al. J. Cell Sci. 2005, 118 (Pt. 13), 2849−2858). Defining the rich composition of e-CSF will enable a greater understanding of its concerted actions during critical stages of brain development. Keywords: embryonic CSF (e-CSF) • human CSF • rat CSF • brain development • cerebrospinal fluid • mass spectrometry • proteomics

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Human and Rat Embryonic Cerebrospinal Fluid

et al. 2007

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“…The mechanism specifically regulating the developmental expression and function of tight junction proteins at the BCSFB remains unknown. A transient appearance of specific junctions also occurs at the neuroepithelium during the first half of gestation [97,126], but these so-called strap junctions are different in their organisation, in the orientation of their single strands that run perpendicular to the cell surface rather than in a belt-like manner around the circumference of the cell, and in their function. The molecular composition and regulation of strap junctions are likely unrelated to those of the choroidal epithelial cell tight junctions.…”

Section: Understanding Choroid Plexus Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular anatomy and functions of the choroidal blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in health and disease

et al. 2018

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The barrier between the blood and the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is located at the choroid plexuses. At the interface between two circulating fluids, these richly vascularized veil-like structures display a peculiar morphology explained by their developmental origin, and fulfill several functions essential for CNS homeostasis. They form a neuroprotective barrier preventing the accumulation of noxious compounds into the CSF and brain, and secrete CSF, which participates in the maintenance of a stable CNS internal environment. The CSF circulation plays an important role in volume transmission within the developing and adult brain, and CSF compartments are key to the immune surveillance of the CNS. In these contexts, the choroid plexuses are an important source of biologically active molecules involved in brain development, stem cell proliferation and differentiation, and brain repair. By sensing both physiological changes in brain homeostasis and peripheral or central insults such as inflammation, they also act as sentinels for the CNS. Finally, their role in the control of immune cell traffic between the blood and the CSF confers on the choroid plexuses a function in neuroimmune regulation and implicates them in neuroinflammation. The choroid plexuses, therefore, deserve more attention while investigating the pathophysiology of CNS diseases and related comorbidities.

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“…These junctions are present in blood vessels in the fetal brain. They are effective in restricting entry of proteins from cerebrospinal fluid into blood at 90% gestational age in rats (38). The previous study has demonstrated that the BBB is relatively impermeable to lowmolecular weight amino acids even at 60% of gestation in sheep (47).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central cholinergic mechanisms mediate swallowing, renal excretion, and c-fos expression in the ovine fetus near term

Shi

Mao²,

Zeng³

et al. 2009

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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mechanisms mediate swallowing, renal excretion, and c-fos expression in the ovine fetus near term. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 296: R318 -R325, 2009. First published September 10, 2008 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.90632.2008.-Fetal swallowing and renal metabolism contribute importantly to amniotic and body fluid homeostasis. To determine central cholinergic modulation of swallowing activity and renal excretion associated with neural activity, we examined the effects of intracerebroventricular injection of carbachol, a cholinergic agonist, in ovine fetuses at 0.9 gestation. Fetuses were chronically prepared with thyrohyoid, nuchal and thoracic esophagus, and diaphragm electromyogram electrodes, as well as lateral ventricle and vascular catheters. Electrodes were also implanted on the parietal dura for determination of fetal electrocorticogram (ECoG). After 5 days of recovery, fetal swallowing, ECoG, and urine output were monitored during basal period and the experimental period following intracerebroventricular injection of 0.9% NaCl as the control (n ϭ 5) or carbachol (3 g/kg, n ϭ 5). Central carbachol did not significantly change fetal low voltage (LV) and high voltage (HV) ECoG temporal distributions. However, swallowing activity during LV ECoG was elevated significantly after intracerebroventricular carbachol. Associated with the swallowing activation, c-fos immunoreactivity in the putative dipsogenic center, subfornical organ, was enhanced significantly. The fetal urine flow rate and renal Na ϩ , K ϩ , and Cl Ϫ excretion were markedly increased following intracerebroventricular carbachol and sustained at the high level for at least 2 h. The results indicate that the central cholinergic mechanism is established and functional in regulation of fetal behavior and renal excretion at least at 0.9 gestation, which plays an important role in maintenance of fetal body fluid homeostasis.fetus; carbachol; thirst STIMULATED WATER INTAKE, IN concert with renal water and electrolyte excretion, is the fundamental physiological mechanism that maintains body fluid homeostasis. It is well established that in adult animals, central cholinergic mechanisms play an important role in the control of cardiovascular and body fluid homeostasis (12,15). Central application of cholinergic agonist, carbachol, elicits a variety of physiological responses, including natriuetic, dipsogenic, and pressor responses, as well as vasopressin secretion (2,23,44). Our recent studies demonstrated that intracerebroventricular injection of carbachol also produced pressor responses (42) in the ovine fetus near term, indicating that the central cholinergic mechanism-mediated cardiovascular regulation is functional before birth. However, the role of central cholinergic mechanisms in fetal fluid balance and renal excretion is largely unknown.Progress has been made in demonstrating that swallowing activity can be regulated by hyperosmotic, hypovolemic, and other stimuli such as ANG II and neuropeptide Y in late gestation (31,33,48,49). Fetal renal flu...

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Barrier Mechanisms in the Brain, Ii. Immature Brain

Cited by 172 publications

References 71 publications

A Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Human and Rat Embryonic Cerebrospinal Fluid

A Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Human and Rat Embryonic Cerebrospinal Fluid

Molecular anatomy and functions of the choroidal blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in health and disease

Central cholinergic mechanisms mediate swallowing, renal excretion, and c-fos expression in the ovine fetus near term

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