“…Students who are enrolled in the first semester of their second year can leave prior to graduation, and students who are not enrolled can re-enroll and complete a degree. Longitudinal techniques for measuring retention have also been investigated, such as pathway analysis [12,13], hierarchical discrete-time event history analysis [14], domains of progression [15], support vector machines [16], Markov chains [17,18], and critical course completion [19]. These fully longitudinal analyses require at least six years of data to begin to determine policy effectiveness and course modifications.…”