Barriers and Driving Factors for Sustainable Development of CO2 Valorisation

Abstract

Mitigating CO2 emissions has become a top question in international and national arenas, likewise on the city level. To initiate and maintain transformative policies related to climate neutrality, an evident-based multi-sectoral forecasting model needs to be timely and effectively deployed. Decarbonisation solutions should be considered from the economic, environmental, and social perspectives. The resulting complexity constitutes an essential barrier to implementing CO2 valorisation projects. This study aims to analyse barriers and driving factors for the sustainable development of CO2 valorisation options. In order to reach the research goal, a methodological approach based on the combination of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis, Geographical Information System and Fuzzy Logic Cognitive Analysis method was used. The method has been applied to a case study in Latvia

The Need for Flexible Chemical Synthesis and How Dual-Function Materials Can Pave the Way

“…On the other hand, the benefit of this approach will be that, once built, the CCU plant can respond to seasonal changes in product demand and green hydrogen availability and also allow facilities to produce chemicals on demand (such as CO) rather than having shipments which need to be stored in larger quantities. If the catalyst is designed for operation with various reactant choices (e.g., hydrogen and methane), CCU can further be derisked in the short term by operating with underutilized hydrocarbon feedstocks such as biogas. ,,,, In this case, there is no need to change the catalyst, higher income is achieved since more valuable products can be produced in line with demand, and financial stability can be accomplished in the long term, perhaps by achieving more favorable terms when it comes to loans and investments.…”

“…This means that with the global H 2 demand being at 90 Mt in 2020, only 0.09 Mt were produced via water electrolysis that year. Moreover, it is worth noting that valid concerns have been raised regarding the fresh H 2 O availability, especially due to microplastic pollution, and the environmental implication of water electrolysis. − Perhaps alternatives based on biohydrogen production, i.e., from biomass and biowaste, should also play a significant role in meeting the needs for green hydrogen production on a large scale. , The variability of the energy mix and the availability of green hydrogen as well as the costs of innovative green technologies pose risks to the development of CO 2 utilization plants in the near future. − …”

“… 29 , 30 The variability of the energy mix and the availability of green hydrogen as well as the costs of innovative green technologies pose risks to the development of CO 2 utilization plants in the near future. 31 − 36 …”

CO2 Storage in Logging Residue Products with Analysis of Energy Production Scenarios

“…Therefore, understanding processes within rural CO2 economy sectors, factors, interconnections and effects on the environment and nature quality and guidelines for future activities are crucial. Valorisation of CO2, including direct capture and utilization, transformed CO2 utilization or pre-processed CO2 utilization, can positively affect the reduction of CO2 emission and the development of rural areas [3]- [6]. The changes in wood waste treatment practices and production of the rigid board from wood logging residues can have a positive effect on mitigating CO2 emissions, providing its storage in the products.…”

“…The overall decarbonisation solutions can be achieved if sustainable carbon cycles, including using Carbon Capture and Utilisation technologies, are implemented (see Fig. 1) [3]- [6]. In the wood-based product sector, significant potential for CO2 sequestration can be attributed to the production of wood-based panels and engineered wood products [7], [8].…”