Barriers and enablers of women’s academic careers in Pakistan

Participation of Pakistani Female Students in Physical Activities: Religious, Cultural, and Socioeconomic Factors

“…In order to assess the elements that influence the sports participation of Pakistani female students, qualitative results are provided in the current study. Similar to other studies on women's experience in sports (Lenneis and Pfister 2017;Mirsafian et al 2014) and in Pakistani society (Fazal et al 2019), we conducted semi-structured and informant-style interviews with 20 female students (see Table 1) from Larkana city, which is located in the south of Sindh Province in Pakistan. The students were interviewed in Sindhi (the local language most spoken in the province, and the mother tongue of both interviewees and interviewer) and the interviews were translated into English.…”

“…A wide range of semi-structured interview strategies (e.g., Cohen et al 2007;Drever 1995;Foddy and Foddy 1994;Hartas 2015;Fazal et al 2019; have been adopted, so that research participants can provide detailed descriptions of their experiences and opinions. We also incorporated the informant approach proposed by Powney and Watts (2018) in our interview process.…”

“…Finally, after a thorough study of all 20 narratives, we compared the themes in all the transcripts to determine the similarities and differences among them. In the following, we give detailed information about the generalized comments of participants in broad themes (Mirsafian et al 2014;Fazal et al 2019;Lenneis and Pfister 2017), including religious and cultural values, economic and career issues, lack of sports facilities, family values regarding physical education, social factors, and personal factors.…”

“…Many previous studies, in different religious contexts (Klein 2007;Di-Capua 2005;Mirsafian et al 2014), focused on the idea that religion imposes many restrictions on sports. In the Pakistani context, Muslim women's participation in physical activities depends on religious and cultural constraints (Fazal et al 2019), and the ethos of college physical education and sports facilities . Despite these constraints, Muslim women in Pakistan show a positive attitude toward sports (Khan et al 2012), and religion is considered less of a constraint than other social and economic factors ).…”

Work-life balance in Higher Education: a systematic review of the impact on the well-being of teachers

“…Insecurity in living with the coordinators is aggravating stress (BERHEIDE et al, 2020;PU et al, 2017), as well as the various activities that university teachers carry out, in their personal lives as parents and in career building also as students, and in professional life as researchers and employees (MCCUTCHEON;MORRISON, 2018). Regarding the number of factors that generate aggravating stress and the job responsibilities of teachers, maintaining the balance between professional and family life becomes another challenge (FAZAL et al, 2019). Due to the conflicts generated between professional and family environment, some teachers in career construction give up academic life soon after finishing the doctoral course, exercising other professions (CABAY et al, 2018).…”