Barriers and facilitators to COVID-19 vaccine acceptability among people incarcerated in Canadian federal prisons: A qualitative study

Lessard, David; Ortiz-Paredes, David; Park, Hyejin; Varsaneux, Olivia; Worthington, James; Basta, Nicole E.; MacDonald, Shannon E.; Lebouché, Bertrand; Cox, Joseph; Ismail, Shainoor J.; Kronfli, Nadine

doi:10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100150

Cited by 26 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Sixteen studies addressed vaccine hesitancy (i. e., doubts concerning the reception of a COVID‐19 vaccine) 6 , 7 , 8 , 16 , 17 , 29 , 33 , 34 , 37 , 39 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 50 and 14 studies explored vaccine unwillingness (i.e., the likelihood of refusing a COVID‐19 vaccine). 28 , 30 , 32 , 35 , 36 , 38 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 46 , 49 , 51 , 52 The characteristics of the studies are presented in Table 1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twelve papers reported the prevalence of the unwillingness to be vaccinated for COVID‐19. 28 , 30 , 35 , 36 , 38 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 46 , 49 , 51 , 52 The pooled prevalence of COVID‐19 vaccine unwillingness was 20.1% (95% CI, 15.2%−24.9%; Figure 9 ). The heterogeneity level in the analysis was high ( I 2 = 97.05%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The covariates in the meta‐regression model were not statistically associated with the pooled prevalence of COVID‐19 vaccine unwillingness (Table 3 ). Seven papers 28 , 30 , 40 , 46 , 49 , 51 , 52 and eight papers 28 , 36 , 38 , 40 , 42 , 46 , 49 , 52 reported the prevalence of COVID‐19 vaccine unwillingness in females and males, and White and non‐White individuals, respectively. The prevalence of COVID‐19 vaccine unwillingness was higher in females (18.3% [95% CI, 12.4%−24.2%]) than in males (13.9% [95% CI, 9.0%−18.8%]), Log OR = 0.32 (95% CI, 0.06, 0.58), z = 2.41, p = 0.016 (Figure 12 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The willingness to accept a vaccine was related to living in an urban area, 28 scepticism of conspiracy theories, 30 , 38 confidence in the COVID‐19 vaccine, 28 , 30 , 35 , 38 previous receipt of other types of vaccines such as the flu shot, 38 belief that there was sufficient information available on the COVID‐19 vaccine, 38 , 43 , 49 concern that COVID‐19 is severe, 30 , 41 being personally affected by COVID‐19, 41 and encouragement by primary physicians or others to receive the vaccine. 41 , 49 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and factors related to COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy and unwillingness in Canada: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Cénat

Noorishad

Farahi

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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This systematic review and meta‐analysis examined the prevalence and factors associated with vaccine hesitancy and vaccine unwillingness in Canada. Eleven databases were searched in March 2022. The pooled prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccine hesitancy and unwillingness was estimated. Subgroup analyses and meta‐regressions were performed. Out of 667 studies screened, 86 full‐text articles were reviewed, and 30 were included in the systematic review. Twenty‐four articles were included in the meta‐analysis; 12 for the pooled prevalence of vaccine hesitancy (42.3% [95% CI, 33.7%–51.0%]) and 12 for vaccine unwillingness (20.1% [95% CI, 15.2%−24.9%]). Vaccine hesitancy was higher in females (18.3% [95% CI, 12.4%−24.2%]) than males (13.9% [95% CI, 9.0%−18.8%]), and in rural (16.3% [95% CI, 12.9%−19.7%]) versus urban areas (14.1% [95%CI, 9.9%−18.3%]). Vaccine unwillingness was higher in females (19.9% [95% CI, 11.0%−24.8%]) compared with males (13.6% [95% CI, 8.0%−19.2%]), non‐White individuals (21.7% [95% CI, 16.2%−27.3%]) than White individuals (14.8% [95% CI, 11.0%−18.5%]), and secondary or less (24.2% [95% CI, 18.8%−29.6%]) versus postsecondary education (15.9% [95% CI, 11.6%−20.2%]). Factors related to racial disparities, gender, education level, and age are discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Prevalence and factors related to COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy and unwillingness in Canada: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Cénat

Noorishad

Farahi

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…17,33 Similar to previous studies, 17,18 we also found that individuals in higher-security settings (i.e., medium and maximum security v. minimum security) and those who self-reported as Indigenous had 64% and 73% lower odds of being willing to receive a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, respectively. Recent qualitative studies by the research team showed that these findings may be explained by feelings of distrust toward correctional employees, limited access to information and a lower perceived risk of SARS-CoV-2 owing to restricted visits and interactions; 34,35 however, additional research is needed to better understand and address reasons why incarcerated individuals are unwilling to receive SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine willingness among people incarcerated in 3 Canadian federal prisons: a cross-sectional study

Romanchuk

Linthwaite

Cox

et al. 2022

cmajo

Self Cite

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Canadian correctional settings have witnessed several large SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. [1][2][3] Many of the risk factors that predispose correctional settings to SARS-CoV-2 outbreaksclose living conditions, 4,5 an aging and comorbid population, 5,6 and limited autonomy that affects access to health care 7,8 -are nonmodifiable, underscoring the importance of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. 9 The Canadian National Advisory Committee on Immunization prioritized residents and staff of congregate settings, such as correctional settings, for early SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in December 2020. 10 However, rates of vaccine uptake have remained historically low in Canadian prisons despite the routine availability and promotion of vaccination since the 1990s. 11 Given the disproportionate incarceration of people experiencing social and health inequities, [12][13][14][15][16] maximizing vaccine acceptance is essential in preventing morbidity and death from vaccine-preventable diseases among the 30 000 adults currently incarcerated in Canadian federal and provincial or territorial prisons.

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COVID‐19 vaccine uptake, conspiracy theories, and health literacy among Black individuals in Canada: Racial discrimination, confidence in health, and COVID‐19 stress as mediators

Cénat,

Farahi,

Dalexis

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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Factors influencing vaccine uptake in Black individuals remain insufficiently documented. Understanding the role of COVID‐19 related stress, conspiracy theories, health literacy, racial discrimination experiences, and confidence in health authorities can inform programs to increase vaccination coverage. We sought to analyze these factors and vaccine uptake among Black individuals in Canada. A representative sample of 2002 Black individuals from Ontario, Quebec, Alberta, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, British Columbia, and Manitoba, aged 14 years or older completed questionnaires assessing vaccine uptake, health literacy, conspiracy theories, racial discrimination experiences, COVID‐19‐related stress, and confidence in health authorities. Mediation analyses were conducted to assess (1) the effect of health literacy on COVID‐19 vaccination uptake through confidence and need, COVID‐19 related traumatic stress, and racial discrimination, and (2) the effect of conspiracy beliefs on COVID‐19 vaccination uptake through the same factors. Overall, 69.57% (95% confidence interval, 67.55%–71.59%) of the participants were vaccinated and 83.48% of them received two or more doses. Those aged 55 years and older were less likely to be vaccinated, as well as those residing in British Columbia and Manitoba. Mediation models showed that the association between health literacy and COVID‐19 vaccine uptake was mediated by confidence in health authorities (B = 0.02, p < 0.001), COVID‐19‐related stress (B = −0.02, p < 0.001), and racial discrimination (B = −0.01, p = 0.032), but both direct and total effects were nonsignificant. Lastly, conspiracy beliefs were found to have a partial mediation effect through the same mediators (B = 0.02, p < 0.001, B = −0.02, p < 0.001, B = −0.01, p = 0.011, respectively). These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to address vaccine hesitancy and inform approaches to improve access to vaccinations among Black communities.

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Barriers and facilitators to COVID-19 vaccine acceptability among people incarcerated in Canadian federal prisons: A qualitative study

Cited by 26 publications

References 39 publications

Prevalence and factors related to COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy and unwillingness in Canada: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Prevalence and factors related to COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy and unwillingness in Canada: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Determinants of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine willingness among people incarcerated in 3 Canadian federal prisons: a cross-sectional study

COVID‐19 vaccine uptake, conspiracy theories, and health literacy among Black individuals in Canada: Racial discrimination, confidence in health, and COVID‐19 stress as mediators

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