Barriers and Facilitators to Healthcare Service Access among Persons with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)

Abstract

Background Despite having a high healthcare need, persons with complex conditions are less likely to receive comprehensive care. Individuals with SCI experience difficulties accessing services 2-4 times more than the general population. There is little agreement concerning the factors that influence these access restrictions. Few studies focus on health system impact on characteristics on access. Objective To outline barriers and facilitators to service access among persons with SCI across 22 countries in terms of health system characteristics Methods InSCI(2017): 1st community survey on experience of persons with SCI, 12591 participants, 22 countries (Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, Greece, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Lithuania, Malaysia, Morocco, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand, USA). Data analysis 1. Hierarchical cluster analysis based on Gower distance (to group systems by access restrictions: Acceptability, Approachability, Availability, Affordability, Appropriateness). 2. Generalized linear mixed-effects decision tree (to explore the association of system characteristics and access, including WHO and OECD system indicators (e.g. UHC index, expenditure, human resources). Missing values were imputed with missforest. Results 12% of persons with SCI reported having an access restriction, most of them (7%) with Availability. By country, the highest unmet needs were reported in Poland (25%), Germany, Lithuania, and Romania (13). 1. Cluster analysis: 7 health systems clusters (groups) were identified. 2. By June 2022, we will have the results of the second analysis: the association of system characteristics with access and how it is modified by socio-demographic and medical factors. Expected conclusions The study identifies factors a country could modify in order to improve access and strengthen the system for persons with SCI/disability, that might be relevant to general population as well. Key messages • Persons with SCI often experience similar access restrictions across countries, incl. those with high-performing health systems. System strengthening in this area is further required in all countries. • Health systems are fragmented, e.g. healthcare quality and access inside a country differs by region, urban/rural setting etc., hence, the systems are challenging to classify.

Needs for community-based rehabilitation services and support 12 months after moderate and severe physical traumatic injuries: a brief report

“…20 A recent study on needs after spinal cord injury reported that younger persons had higher odds of unmet needs. 7 Additionally, older persons with disability might be less likely to report unmet needs having lower expectations and higher patient satisfaction. 21 Furthermore, preinjury comorbidities also increase the probability of unmet rehabilitation needs.…”

“…This finding could be related to a lower ability to adapt to stressful events and greater support needs in younger patients in the trauma population 20 . A recent study on needs after spinal cord injury reported that younger persons had higher odds of unmet needs 7 . Additionally, older persons with disability might be less likely to report unmet needs having lower expectations and higher patient satisfaction 21 .…”

“…In Europe, postacute rehabilitation services, typically provided in community settings, receive less support compared to specialized inpatient rehabilitation during the acute phase 6 . Few studies have assessed unmet rehabilitation needs in general trauma populations in the postacute phase 7–9 . Hence, studies from different countries are required to provide a more accurate reflection of population needs and international differences in the trauma care and rehabilitation.…”