Barriers and facilitators to recruiting and retaining men on pre-registration nursing programmes in Western countries: A systemised rapid review

Abstract

Background: The recruitment of men to pre-registration nursing programmes in many Western countries has remained static at approximately 10% per year. Aim: To identify the experiences and attitudes of men on pre-registration nursing programmes in Western countries and the barriers and enablers to their recruitment and retention. Design: Systematized rapid review. Methods: Searches were undertaken in Medline (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO) and PsychINFO (EBSCO) databases. Studies in English were included if they were from Western countries, were published since 2000 and related to men's experiences of, or attitudes to, applying for or studying pre-registration nursing. Included papers were quality appraised and findings were thematically analysed and presented in a narrative synthesis. Results: Records were de-duplicated and 2063 records were screened and 44 articles assessed for eligibility of which 23 articles relating to 22 empirical studies were included in the review. Findings were categorised into the following themes: recruitment experiences/reasons for studying nursing; gender experiences; barriers, difficulties and challenges with programme; and factors affecting retention. Conclusion: Evidence suggests that many men who come into nursing have a family member or acquaintance who is a nurse or that they have had contact with a male nurse as a patient or carer. Motivating factors such as financial security, career mobility and the opportunity to have a job in a caring profession were reported. Improved career advice at school is needed and shortened graduate programmes could be attractive. On programme, some clinical areas were easier for male students, while in others, treatment refusal could cause difficulties. Being in a minority and gender stereotyping can affect experiences. Ensuring equitable treatment, providing additional support and placements in clinical areas with more men could minimise these challenges. pre-registration programmes. For instance, in Scotland only 8-10% of students on pre-registration nursing programmes are male (Scottish Government, 2017). In the USA it is slightly higher at 15% (National League for Nursing, 2014), which may be associated with having a national nursing association specifically for men and national campaigns like the 20 × 20: Choose Nursing campaign which began in 2011 (Olin, 2011). Consequently men are significantly under-represented in the workforce, with men only accounting for 9-11% of the workforce in the

Mellom universalisme og feminisme: en sosiologisk analyse av kjønn og omsorgsbegrepet i sykepleiefaget

“…I den offentlige diskusjonen argumenterer sykepleierutdanningene og NSF for at kjønnspoeng, høyere lønn og flere fulltidsstillinger er viktige virkemidler som kan øke kjønnsbalansen i sykepleien. Både nasjonal og internasjonal forskning har imidlertid dokumentert at kjønnede fordommer i og utenfor utdanningene påvirker trivselen blant mannlige studenter (Gavine et al, 2020;Harding, 2007;O'Connor, 2015;O'Lynn, 2004;Pullen & Simpson, 2009;Trandbarger & O'Lynn, 2007). OsloMet-studien viste tydelige tendenser til at mannlige sykepleiestudenter i større grad enn kvinner opplever at deler av utdanningen ikke appellerer til dem.…”

“…Stereotypifisering og fordommer om at mannlige sykepleiere er feminine menn eller homofile, eksisterer både innenfor utdanningssektoren og i samfunnet rundt (Gavine et al, 2020;Harding, 2007;O'Connor, 2015;O'Lynn, 2004;Pullen & Simpson, 2009;Trandbarger & O'Lynn, 2007). Stereotypifisering i film og medier om sykepleiere som erotiske objekter, engler og husholdersker gir inntrykk av at sykepleie ikke er et yrke for menn (Jinks & Bradley, 2004).…”

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“…I den offentlige diskusjonen argumenterer sykepleierutdanningene og NSF for at kjønnspoeng, høyere lønn og flere fulltidsstillinger er viktige virkemidler som kan øke kjønnsbalansen i sykepleien. Både nasjonal og internasjonal forskning har imidlertid dokumentert at kjønnede fordommer i og utenfor utdanningene påvirker trivselen blant mannlige studenter (Gavine et al, 2020;Harding, 2007;O'Connor, 2015;O'Lynn, 2004;Pullen & Simpson, 2009;Trandbarger & O'Lynn, 2007). OsloMet-studien viste tydelige tendenser til at mannlige sykepleiestudenter i større grad enn kvinner opplever at deler av utdanningen ikke appellerer til dem.…”

“…Stereotypifisering og fordommer om at mannlige sykepleiere er feminine menn eller homofile, eksisterer både innenfor utdanningssektoren og i samfunnet rundt (Gavine et al, 2020;Harding, 2007;O'Connor, 2015;O'Lynn, 2004;Pullen & Simpson, 2009;Trandbarger & O'Lynn, 2007). Stereotypifisering i film og medier om sykepleiere som erotiske objekter, engler og husholdersker gir inntrykk av at sykepleie ikke er et yrke for menn (Jinks & Bradley, 2004).…”

Family‐supportive supervisor behaviour positively affects work behaviour and nonwork well‐being among men in long‐term care

“…Nonetheless, efforts to attract men have yielded only incremental increases to their minority presence (Kronsberg, Bouret, & Brett, 2018). Slow progress in gender diversity has been attributed to several factors undermining recruitment efforts, including pervasive societal stereotypes that reinforce the feminization of nursing, gender‐based barriers, nursing programme attrition and few male role models (Gavine, Carson, Eccles, & Whitford, 2020; Kronsberg et al., 2018). Potential threats to workforce retention, such as discrimination, feelings of exclusion and limited managerial support, further complicate matters (Kronsberg et al., 2018).…”