2018
DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(18)30039-0
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Barriers and strategies to achieve a cure for HIV

Abstract: 9 years since the report of a cure for HIV after C-C chemokine receptor type 5 Δ32 stem cell transplantation, no other case of HIV cure has been reported, despite much research. However, substantial progress has been made in understanding the biology of the latent HIV reservoir, and in measuring the amount of virus that persists after antiretroviral therapy (ART) with increasingly sophisticated approaches. This knowledge is being translated into a long pipeline of clinical trials seeking to reduce viral persis… Show more

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Cited by 112 publications
(121 citation statements)
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References 109 publications
(128 reference statements)
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“…Finally, a variety of additional strategies to purge HIV‐1 infection have been proposed and are currently under development, including the use of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, T‐cell immunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, gene editing, immune cell depletion and transplantation, as well as strategies intended to prevent reactivation of HIV‐1 expression, referred to as “lock and block.” Because of the extent that HIV‐1 infection is thought to penetrate multiple cell types and tissue compartments, it seems likely that no single strategy will provide a “cure all” therapy, and combinations of various treatments may be necessary for routine curative intervention.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Finally, a variety of additional strategies to purge HIV‐1 infection have been proposed and are currently under development, including the use of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, T‐cell immunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, gene editing, immune cell depletion and transplantation, as well as strategies intended to prevent reactivation of HIV‐1 expression, referred to as “lock and block.” Because of the extent that HIV‐1 infection is thought to penetrate multiple cell types and tissue compartments, it seems likely that no single strategy will provide a “cure all” therapy, and combinations of various treatments may be necessary for routine curative intervention.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Because latently infected cells are indistinguishable from uninfected cells, there is considerable interest in identifying biomarkers for this population; or, in the absence of such a suitable macromolecule, devising a means to expose these cells to enable clearance by the immune system, or additional designed therapies to force their elimination . Toward this end, one possible strategy, of various that have been proposed, may involve treatment with agents that induce viral gene expression in latent cellular reservoirs, which would expose this population via the appearance of intracellular and cell surface viral proteins . This may render these infected cells susceptible to a boosted immune response, viral‐induced apoptosis, or additional therapies specifically designed to eliminate HIV‐1‐infected cells .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Antiretrovirals (ARVs) prevent acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, further improvement in HIV therapy will require a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for CD4 + T cell defects following HIV infection (2,3).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Additionally, ART withdrawal could reactivate latent virus. Therefore, alternative ways are under investigation to search for potential candidates to ‘functionally-cure’ HIV infection (1). One of the essential targets of HIV research is the C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), a co-receptor that is predominant expressed on CD4+ T-cells, latently HIV-1 infected cells, dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages, and is responsible for HIV-1 entrance into the targeted cells (2).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%