Barriers to bystander CPR: Evaluating socio-economic and cultural factors influencing students attending community CPR training

Fratta, Kyle A.; Bouland, Andrew J.; Lawner, Benjamin J.; Comer, Angela C.; Halliday, Megan; Levy, Matthew J.; Seaman, Kevin G.

doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2018.05.022

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The survey found that preferences for training locations and formats were comparable across all respondents. A small prospective survey by the same authors conducted before and after free community compression-only CPR classes in Baltimore 49 found that a lower level of education (29% of all respondents) increased the likelihood that participants feared being sued or risk of disease or hurting someone and were unlikely to perform CPR on strangers or family, even after training. Household income was not found to affect the likelihood of performing CPR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers and facilitators to delivering bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in deprived communities: a systematic review

Uny

Angus

Duncan

et al. 2022

Perspect Public Health

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Background: There is a higher incidence of cardiac arrest in economically deprived areas; however, data show that bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in those areas is lower. This results in lower survival rates, placing those communities at a double disadvantage. This systematic review explored the barriers and facilitators to engaging with bystander CPR in deprived communities. Methods: Studies were eligible for inclusion if they addressed any barrier or facilitator to performing bystander CPR or being trained in CPR or training others. Studies had to either be set in a deprived area or examine a deprived population. Selected studies were published between January 2000 and December 2017 and reported on primary research. No language limitations were applied. Searches were conducted in the following databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science Core Collection. Unpublished ‘grey’ literature was also searched as well as the reference lists of any relevant studies. Results: The systematic review highlighted several main factors acting as barriers or facilitators to engaging with bystander CPR in deprived communities: (1) the willingness to learn or perform CPR, (2) the confidence to perform CPR, and (3) self-reported likelihood of performing CPR. The review also revealed additional barriers to engaging with CPR which are specific to – or more acute for – individuals from socioeconomically deprived backgrounds or areas. Discussion: We found little evidence suggesting that the willingness to perform or learn bystander CPR is lower in deprived communities compared to the general population. However, the confidence to perform CPR in deprived communities was affected by some measures of socioeconomic status. The results also crucially highlighted other barriers more acute in deprived communities: the risk to personal safety in administering CPR; the fear of legal consequences; and the lack of community cohesion and other cultural barriers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers and facilitators to delivering bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in deprived communities: a systematic review

Uny

Angus

Duncan

et al. 2022

Perspect Public Health

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“…Studies have suggested that CPR education intervention may positively affect a bystander's attitude toward CPR, intention to perform CPR, knowledge, and skill performance [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Comparing to traditional face-to-face teaching, newly developed methods, such as hybrid and VR methods, show partial improvements in attitude, knowledge, and skill performance [13,18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CPR education is effective for improving bystander CPR knowledge, attitude, and skill performance [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. In 2015, the American Heart Association suggested that CPR instructors use multimedia, the internet, simulation, and CPR feedback devices to create a hybrid learning environment to improve learning outcomes effectiveness [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different cardiopulmonary resuscitation education interventions among university students: A randomized controlled trial

Chang

Yang

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) education for the public may improve bystander intention to perform CPR on cardiac arrest patients. Studies have shown that different CPR education intervention methods can improve learning performance, with key indicators including attitude toward to CPR, intention to perform CPR, and degree of CPR knowledge and skills. The present study compared the traditional face-to-face method to hybrid and virtual reality (VR) methods to observe difference in learning performance and length of performance retention. This study adopted randomized controlled trial to compare CPR learning performance between traditional face-to-face, hybrid, and VR methods. Participants from each intervention group completed a pretest and 2 posttests. The measurement tools included an attitude and intention questionnaire, knowledge examination, and skill examination with a RESUSCI ANNE QCPR ® manikin. The performance among all participants in pretest showed no significant difference between the intervention groups, indicating no difference in their background attitude, knowledge, and skill level. Significant differences were observed in the average degree of intention to perform CPR between the hybrid and traditional groups in 1st and 2nd posttest. Compared to the pretest results, the posttests revealed significantly higher attitude toward CPR, intention to perform CPR, knowledge examination results, accuracy of overall chest compression, accuracy of CPR procedure, accuracy of AED usage, accuracy of chest compression rate, and accuracy of chest compression depth. The average time to reattending CPR learning and practice session was 11–12 weeks reported by participants. The hybrid and VR methods to CPR education resulted in the same level of improvement in learning performance as traditional face-to-face teaching. The suggested frequency for renewing CPR knowledge and skills is 12 weeks which may be considered in new strategies aimed at promoting CPR education and exposure to the public.

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“…This prediction fills him or her with dread. Several studies have shown that predicting the occurrence of possible dangers and issues can cause the witness to decide not to help [ 8 , 31 , 32 ]. The results of the present study also show that these predictions may, in some cases, reduce the willingness of bystanders to help.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fear and concern about further harming the victim, leading to litigation, have been identified in many studies as barriers to the decision to provide assistance. It appears that bystanders who lack confidence in their knowledge of first aid do not consider themselves competent to help and are therefore less willing to help [ 8 , 32 ]. Moreover, when the bystander is afraid of doing the wrong thing or of causing more harm, there is mainly a fear of legal conflicts [ 11 , 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fears and Concerns of Bystanders to Help People Injured in Traffic Accidents: A Qualitative Descriptive Study

Sepahvand,

Nourozi,

Khankeh

et al. 2023

Emergency Medicine International

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In most traffic accidents, bystanders arrive at the scene before the rescuers. If they provide the right help, they can play an important and effective role in reducing the number of deaths and complications caused by these accidents. However, in many cases, fears and concerns prevent bystanders from providing assistance. This study aims to investigate and understand the fears and concerns of bystanders when they decide to help in traffic accidents. In 2022, this study was carried out in Iran using a qualitative content analysis approach. The data was collected through semistructured interviews. Participants were 15 males and females who had experience providing assistance in traffic accidents. Interviews, after digital recording, were transcribed verbatim. A purposeful and theoretical sampling method was performed. Data analysis and the determination of codes, categories, and subcategories were done using qualitative analysis software. O’Brien’s qualitative research reporting standard was used. The results of the study include a category of fears and concerns and five subcategories. The subcategories include fear and concern caused by lack of information, fear of legal troubles, stress caused by previous experience, fear and anxiety caused by anticipation, and anxiety of unknown origin. The results of this study showed that some of the fears and concerns of the bystanders were related to a lack of information about providing assistance. By increasing bystanders’ information about assistance, such as first aid training, fear and anxiety caused by a lack of information can be reduced. Another part of the fear and concern of bystanders is due to legal issues. Passing and implementing laws that protect bystanders can help reduce this fear and concern. Bystanders should be trained to provide assistance according to the rules of assistance so that they do not get into legal problems. A part of the bystander’s fear and concern stems from their previous experiences providing assistance in traffic accidents. These experiences can also affect the fear and anxiety caused by anticipation. It is necessary to conduct more studies on the role of bystanders’ experiences in creating fear and anxiety in them, as well as their effect on anticipatory fear.

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Barriers to bystander CPR: Evaluating socio-economic and cultural factors influencing students attending community CPR training

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Barriers and facilitators to delivering bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in deprived communities: a systematic review

Barriers and facilitators to delivering bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in deprived communities: a systematic review

Effects of different cardiopulmonary resuscitation education interventions among university students: A randomized controlled trial

Fears and Concerns of Bystanders to Help People Injured in Traffic Accidents: A Qualitative Descriptive Study

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