Barriers to Formal Help-seeking following Sexual Violence: Review from within an Ecological Systems Framework

Zinzow, Heidi M.; Littleton, Heather; Muscari, Emma C.; Sall, Kayla E.

doi:10.1080/15564886.2021.1978023

Cited by 34 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…As the majority of researchers on violence acknowledge, in order to eradicate violence and alleviate the damage it causes, it is important to consider the multiple contexts within which the risk and protection factors exist ( Krug et al, 2002 ; Fulu and Miedema, 2015 ; Boonzaier and van Niekerk, 2021 ; Zinzow et al, 2021 ). The analysis of such violence carried out from this ecological perspective ( Bronfenbrenner, 1979 ; Heise, 2011 ) considers characteristics from: (1) individuals; (2) interpersonal relationships or micro-system; (3) the community or meso-system; and (4) society or macro-system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Types of Male Adolescent Violence Against Women in Three Contexts: Dating Violence Offline, Dating Violence Online, and Sexual Harassment Online Outside a Relationship

Díaz-Aguado

Martínez-Arias

2022

Front. Psychol.

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There has been little investigation of male adolescent violence against women as acknowledged by boys themselves, and even less on such violence in different contexts with comparative studies of behavior between those who perpetrate this violence and the population at large. This study used cluster analysis to establish a male adolescent typology based on boys’ self-reporting of violence against women in three contexts. The participants were 3,132 Spanish teenage boys aged 14–18 with experience of relationships with girls. Three discrete, identifiable types were obtained: the first group (69.8%), of non-violent boys; the second group (26%), more involved in sexual harassment online outside a relationship but with a low incidence of dating violence offline; the third group (4.2%), with abuse in the three contexts but less involved in sexual harassment online than the second group. The logistic regression analysis showed that justification of male dominance and violence was the main risk condition for inclusion in the second and third groups, followed by low self-esteem (for the third group) and risky sexual behaviors online (for the second and third groups). The findings based on these results are important for preventing male adolescent dating violence against women in the three male types detected.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Types of Male Adolescent Violence Against Women in Three Contexts: Dating Violence Offline, Dating Violence Online, and Sexual Harassment Online Outside a Relationship

Díaz-Aguado

Martínez-Arias

2022

Front. Psychol.

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“…Barriers include survivors not being aware of whether or not they were abused or feeling ambiguous about their memory of abuse; feeling shame, self-blame, guilt, anxiety; fear of not being believed; and fear that disclosure will disrupt their current lives or achievements. A recent review of barriers to sexual violence disclosure echoes these points and also identifies barriers such as “a lack of resource access and availability, laws that can impede help-seeking, rigid societal gender roles, and cultural norms that emphasize secrecy and maintenance of family honor” (Zinzow et al, 2022, p. 893).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Violence Disclosure in #Notokay: Disclosure Goals, Disclosure-Facilitating Resources, and Overall Disclosure Trajectory

Subramanian

2023

Violence Against Women

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This study investigated the disclosure goals, disclosure-facilitating resources, and overall disclosure trajectory of 16 women who participated in the 2016 #notokay antisexual violence campaign. Findings indicate that most participants’ disclosure goals were approach focused. Factors that facilitated disclosure were social media affordances and psychological, professional, and financial resources. Participants’ overall disclosure trajectory was upward, but not linear, and disclosure outcomes included self-growth and awareness of the intersectional nature of violence. The findings suggest that the disclosure processes model can be strengthened by considering goal-relevant resources as a structural or environmental factor that influences the choice of approach versus avoidance goals, and consequently, beneficial or harmful disclosure outcomes. Further, by investigating how participants’ #notokay disclosure was situated in their other online and offline disclosure episodes, this study provides a contextualized perspective of online hashtagged disclosures of sexual violence.

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“…In order to prevent violence against women, it is important to consider the multiple contexts within which risk and protection conditions exist [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. The analysis of such violence from an ecological perspective [ 12 , 13 ] considers characteristics derived from (1) individuals, (2) interpersonal relationships or microsystem, (3) the community or mesosystem, and (4) the society or macrosystem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Typology of Victimization against Women on Adolescent Girls in Three Contexts: Dating Offline, Dating Online, and Sexual Harassment Online

Díaz-Aguado

Martínez-Arias

Falcón

2022

IJERPH

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Defining the typologies of adolescent girls in relation to different types of victimization against women could be very useful for prevention. Almost all the typologies previously elaborated on this topic define the typologies from situations of dating victimization. This study used cluster analysis to establish for the first time a typology of adolescent girl victimization against women that included dating violence offline, dating violence online, and sexual harassment online outside a relationship by means of a comparative analysis of behavior between those who had suffered this violence and the population at large. The participants were 3.532 Spanish teenage girls aged 14–18 with experience of relationships with boys. Three discrete, identifiable types were obtained: the first group (63.8%), non-victim girls; the second group (29.4%), victims of sexual harassment online outside a relationship but with a low incidence of dating victimization; the third group (6.8%), victims in the three contexts. The logistic regression analysis showed that risky sexual behavior online was the main risk condition for inclusion in the second and third groups (compared to the non-victim group), followed by low self-esteem (for the second group) and age (for both groups). Other variables that also contributed to predicting membership victim groups were health complaints, feminine gender role stress, justification of male dominance and violence, visiting risky websites, and problematic internet use. These results show the importance of including the prevention of such problems in order to eradicate violence against women in adolescence who have grown up with digital technologies.

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Barriers to Formal Help-seeking following Sexual Violence: Review from within an Ecological Systems Framework

Cited by 34 publications

References 97 publications

Types of Male Adolescent Violence Against Women in Three Contexts: Dating Violence Offline, Dating Violence Online, and Sexual Harassment Online Outside a Relationship

Types of Male Adolescent Violence Against Women in Three Contexts: Dating Violence Offline, Dating Violence Online, and Sexual Harassment Online Outside a Relationship

Sexual Violence Disclosure in #Notokay: Disclosure Goals, Disclosure-Facilitating Resources, and Overall Disclosure Trajectory

Typology of Victimization against Women on Adolescent Girls in Three Contexts: Dating Offline, Dating Online, and Sexual Harassment Online

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