Barriers to genetic manipulation of Enterococci: Current Approaches and Future Directions

Krause, Alexandra L.; Stinear, Timothy P.; Monk, Ian R.

doi:10.1093/femsre/fuac036

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 175 publications

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“…19 However, enterococci that are normally considered weak pathogens can cause fatal infections if they have vancomycin resistance. 20 In the current study, no significant difference was found for vancomycin and teicoplanin resistance rates of the isolates of the two species related to relocation.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Investigation of some changes and clonal relationship in enterococci isolates due to relocation of a hospital

Korkoca,

Hazirolan,

Cicek

et al. 2023

J Pak Med Assoc

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Objective: To investigate the isolation rates, antimicrobial resistance rates, minimum inhibitory concentration values of antimicrobial agents, and clonal relationships of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium due to the relocation of a hospital to a newly constructed building. Method: The comparative, prospective study was conducted at adult general intensive care units of the Mus State Hospital, Mus, Turkey, in two phases; before the relocation from January 25 to December 1, 2014, and after the relocation from February 10 to May 24, 2015. Rectal swab samples were collected 72 hours post-hospitalisation. Identification of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates was determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and antimicrobial resistance with minimum inhibitory concentration values was detected with Vitek 2 system. The clonal relatedness among the strains was investigated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Data was analysed using SPSS 23. Results: Of the 69 patients, 37(53.62%) related to pre-relocation phase; 20(54.1%) females and 17(45.9%) males with mean age 62.81±21.71 years. There were 32(46.37%) patients in the post-relocation phase; 13(40.6%) females and 19(59.4%) males with mean age 62.69±21.35 years (p>0.05). Of the 84 enterococci strains isolated, 51(60.7%) were Enterococcus faecium; 28(55%) before relocation and 23(45%) after relocation (p=0.77). The remaining 33(39.3%) isolates were Enterococcus faecalis; 16(48.5%) before relocation and 17(51.5%) after relocation (p=0.73). Multiple strains were located in 7(18.9%) patients before relocation and in 7(21.9%) after relocation. In 1(3.1%) patient after relocation, 2(8.7%) Enterococcus faecium isolates with different resistance and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns were detected. There were no significant differences between the isolation and antibiotic resistance rates before and after relocation (p>0.05), and a clonal relation between the isolates was not detected (p>0.05). Decreased minimum inhibitory concentration values were noted for some antibiotics (p<0.05). Conclusion: Clonal relationship between the isolates and change in the rates of isolation and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium was detected due to relocation. Minimum inhibitory concentration values could be used to reveal relocation-related changes in isolates obtained from patients hospitalised in intensive care units. Key Words: Enterococcus, Antimicrobial drug resistance, Transmission, Hospital moving.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Investigation of some changes and clonal relationship in enterococci isolates due to relocation of a hospital

Korkoca,

Hazirolan,

Cicek

et al. 2023

J Pak Med Assoc

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“…Although experiments demonstrate that induction of comK results in transformable events while using plasmid DNA, chromosomal recombination events were very rare (40). Additionally, Enterococci are lagging other Gram-positive pathogens in molecular biology because of restrictions in DNA transfer (41). Enterococci contain elements necessary for natural competence, and it was suggested that they could play an alternative role in host colonization and immune invasion, but there has been no evidence for natural competence (42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ComI inhibits transformation inBacillus subtilisby selectively killing competent cells

Smith,

Kearns,

Burton

2024

Preprint

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Many bacteria build elaborate molecular machines to import DNA via natural competence, yet this activity is often not identified until strains have been handled and domesticated in laboratory settings. For example, one of the best studied Gram-positive model organisms, Bacillus subtilis, has a non-transformable ancestor. Transformation in the ancestral strain is inhibited by a transmembrane peptide, ComI, which is encoded on an extrachromosomal plasmid. Although ComI was shown to be necessary and sufficient to inhibit transformation when produced at high levels under an inducible promoter, the mechanism by which ComI inhibits transformation is unknown. Here, we examine the native regulation and mechanism of transformation inhibition by ComI. We find that under native regulation, ComI expression is restricted in the absence of the plasmid. In the presence of the plasmid, we find that ComI is preferentially expressed in cells that are differentiating into a competent state. The subcellular localization of ComI, however, does not depend on any other competence proteins and permeabilization activity is concentration dependent. Thus over time, the competent cells gradually producing ComI, are permeabilized and killed. Based on these observations we propose a new model for the mechanism of ComI, suggesting a response to competence activation that selectively eliminates the competent subpopulation.

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“…LREfm was 0.1% in 2011 increased to 0.6% in 2022, and LREfs was 0.2% from 2011 increase to 3.4% in 2022 (CHINET data) ( Figure 3 ). Several genes are related to linezolid resistance, but optrA and poxtA , is a growing concern, as it is being increasingly reported in both human and veterinary medicine [ 37 ]. OptrA was primary mechanism in LRE that was first detected in a clinical E. faecalis from China in 2015, and was commonly localized within chromosomes or plasmids and can be transmitted through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) via mobile genetic elements such as transposons, integrative and conjugative elements, and insertion sequences [ 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Enterococcus Faeciummentioning

confidence: 99%

ESKAPE in China: epidemiology and characteristics of antibiotic resistance

Luo,

Lu,

Chen

et al. 2024

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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The escalation of antibiotic resistance and the diminishing antimicrobial pipeline have emerged as significant threats to public health. The ESKAPE pathogens – Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. – were initially identified as critical multidrug-resistant bacteria, demanding urgently effective therapies. Despite the introduction of various new antibiotics and antibiotic adjuvants, such as innovative β-lactamase inhibitors, these organisms continue to pose substantial therapeutic challenges. People’s Republic of China, as a country facing a severe bacterial resistance situation, has undergone a series of changes and findings in recent years in terms of the prevalence, transmission characteristics and resistance mechanisms of antibiotic resistant bacteria. The increasing levels of population mobility have not only shaped the unique characteristics of antibiotic resistance prevalence and transmission within People’s Republic of China but have also indirectly reflected global patterns of antibiotic-resistant dissemination. What’s more, as a vast nation, People’s Republic of China exhibits significant variations in the levels of antibiotic resistance and the prevalence characteristics of antibiotic resistant bacteria across different provinces and regions. In this review, we examine the current epidemiology and characteristics of this important group of bacterial pathogens, delving into relevant mechanisms of resistance to recently introduced antibiotics that impact their clinical utility in China.

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Barriers to genetic manipulation of Enterococci: Current Approaches and Future Directions

Cited by 6 publications

References 175 publications

Investigation of some changes and clonal relationship in enterococci isolates due to relocation of a hospital

Investigation of some changes and clonal relationship in enterococci isolates due to relocation of a hospital

ComI inhibits transformation inBacillus subtilisby selectively killing competent cells

ESKAPE in China: epidemiology and characteristics of antibiotic resistance

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