Basal cell carcinosarcoma: a systematic review and reappraisal of its challenges and the role of Mohs surgery

The Rarity in the Rarity: Presentation of Three Cases of Cutaneous Carcinosarcoma with Clinical and Histopathological Insights

“…A basal cell carcinosarcoma is a rare malignant biphasic tumor comprising distinct basaloid epithelial and mesenchymal components [ 31 ], and it is one of the uncommon forms of a cutaneous carcinosarcoma, which also includes a squamous cell carcinosarcoma and cutaneous adnexal carcinosarcoma [ 32 ]. Despite only 54 reported cases in the literature, the actual incidence might be higher due to underreporting, discrepancies in tissue processing, and variable histological appearances [ 33 ]. A BCCS predominantly occurs in sun-exposed skin areas and mainly affects elderly men [ 34 ].…”

“…Clinically, these tumors can present as new, rapidly forming masses or as pre-existing lesions that show sudden rapid growth. They vary in size from 0.3 to 15 cm and are often described as exophytic with frequent ulceration, hemorrhage, and crusting, with almost half of the cases occurring on the head, particularly the ear [ 33 , 35 ]. As already mentioned for other kinds of cCSs, several theories exist regarding the origin of a BCCS as follows: (1) Single Stem Cell theory, according to which both sarcomatous and carcinomatous components arise from a single stem cell; (2) Induction theory in which the epithelial component induces the sarcomatous component through close association; (3) Conversion Theory in which a metaplastic transformation of the carcinomatous element gives rise to the sarcomatous component; (4) Pseudosarcomatous Reaction, that should be a reaction to the carcinoma that gives rise to the mesenchymal component; (5) Collision Theory in which two independent neoplasms join together.…”

“…As already mentioned for other kinds of cCSs, several theories exist regarding the origin of a BCCS as follows: (1) Single Stem Cell theory, according to which both sarcomatous and carcinomatous components arise from a single stem cell; (2) Induction theory in which the epithelial component induces the sarcomatous component through close association; (3) Conversion Theory in which a metaplastic transformation of the carcinomatous element gives rise to the sarcomatous component; (4) Pseudosarcomatous Reaction, that should be a reaction to the carcinoma that gives rise to the mesenchymal component; (5) Collision Theory in which two independent neoplasms join together. Today, the conversion theory, supported by various molecular and clinical reports, is the most widely accepted [ 33 ].…”

Classification of Skin Lesion Images Using Artificial Intelligence Methodologies through Radial Fourier–Mellin and Hilbert Transform Signatures

“…It can grow and destroy the skin. It is generally observed as a flat or raised lesion and its color is reddish [1,[5][6][7]. SCC is a malignant tumor that appears as red spots with raised growths like warts; it is the second most common skin cancer [1,2].…”