Basal Cyclorrhapha in Amber from the Cretaceous and Tertiary(Insecta: Diptera), and Their Relationships: Brachycera in Cretaceous Amber Part IX

Grimaldi, David A.

doi:10.1206/0003-0090-423.1.1

Cited by 519 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…3Summary diagram of records of insect–pollen association in the Cretaceous, showing on the left inferential/indirect evidence (features of fossil flowers or insects specialized for entomophily and anthophily, respectively) and direct evidence (an insect having pollen in or on the body). Fossil records are based on various references, many cited in the text 4,11,16,23,24,26,42,55,57,64 . All angiosperm records or features are depicted in yellow.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two Cretaceous insects found with angiosperm pollen, both in Burmese amber, involve morphologically generalized insects, a permopsocid and Prosphex . Likewise, two morphologically generalized, stem-group species also in Burmese amber apparently belong to groups that today are major pollinators: the putative bee Melittosphex 56 and the flower fly Prosyrphus 57 . Melittosphex is problematic, because its hairs are barely plumose, it lacks the pronotal lobes typical of apoids, and it has a broad pronotum, like chrysidoids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct evidence for eudicot pollen-feeding in a Cretaceous stinging wasp (Angiospermae; Hymenoptera, Aculeata) preserved in Burmese amber

et al. 2019

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Angiosperms and their insect pollinators form a foundational symbiosis, evidence for which from the Cretaceous is mostly indirect, based on fossils of insect taxa that today are anthophilous, and of fossil insects and flowers that have apparent anthophilous and entomophilous specializations, respectively. We present exceptional direct evidence preserved in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber, 100 mya, for feeding on pollen in the eudicot genus Tricolporoidites by a basal new aculeate wasp, Prosphex anthophilos, gen. et sp. nov., in the lineage that contains the ants, bees, and other stinging wasps. Plume of hundreds of pollen grains wafts from its mouth and an apparent pollen mass was detected by micro-CT in the buccal cavity: clear evidence that the wasp was foraging on the pollen. Eudicots today comprise nearly three-quarters of all angiosperm species. Prosphex feeding on Tricolporoidites supports the hypothesis that relatively small, generalized insect anthophiles were important pollinators of early angiosperms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct evidence for eudicot pollen-feeding in a Cretaceous stinging wasp (Angiospermae; Hymenoptera, Aculeata) preserved in Burmese amber

et al. 2019

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“…The genus Anaplecta has presently a circumtropical distribution, and the (sub)tropical climate supports the newly described species as well. Fossil Anaplecta species are also known from Eocene Baltic Kaliningrad and Chinese ambers—the climate during Eocene in these areas was subtropical (Grimaldi, 1996), and from the related Dominican amber (nevertheless, the Dominican species are undescribed and taxonomical placement needs confirmation—see above).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living cockroach genusAnaplectadiscovered in Chiapas amber (Blattaria: Ectobiidae:Anaplecta vegasp.n.)

Barna

Šmídová

José³

2019

PeerJ

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Cenozoic cockroaches are recent and with two indigenous exceptions, based on their fragmentary preservation state, they cannot be discriminated formally from representatives of living genera. Anaplecta vega sp.n. –the second described cockroach from Miocene (23 Ma) Simojovel amber (Mexico: Chiapas: Los Pocitos) is characterized by a slender, under 5 mm long body, prolonged mouthparts bearing long maxillary palps with a distinct flattened triangular terminal palpomere, large eyes and long slender legs with distinctly long tibial spines. Some leg and palpal segments differ in dimensions on the left and right sides of the body, indicating (sum of length of left maxillary palpomeres 65% longer than right; right cercus 13% longer than left cercus) dextro-sinistral asymmetry. The asymmetrically monstrous left palp is unique and has no equivalent. In concordance with most Cenozoic species, the present cockroach does not show any significantly primitive characters such as a transverse pronotum characteristic for stem Ectobiidae. The genus is cosmopolitan and 10 species live also in Mexico, including Chiapas, today. Except for indigenous taxa and those characteristic for America, this is the first Cenozoic American cockroach taxon representing a living cosmopolitan genus, in contrast with representaties of Supella Shelford, 1911 from the same amber source that are now extinct in the Americas.

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“…Some features of the fossil suggest, according to Amorim et al (2018), that it could be a stem Opetiidae. Grimaldi (2018) has provided an extensive review of platypezoid fossils, with clear stem and crown Platypezidae, stem Ironomyiidae, stem Lonchopteridae, and stem and crown Phoridae.…”

Section: The Fossil Record Of Apsilocephalidaementioning

confidence: 99%

Diptera of the Middle Eocene Kishenehn Formation II

Greenwalt¹,

Amorim²,

Hauser³

et al. 2022

Palaeontol Electron

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Eleven new species of Diptera are reported from the middle Eocene Kishenehn Formation in northwestern Montana, USA. Belonging to 10 families, four of which (Apsilocephalidae, Keroplatidae, Opetiidae and Scenopinidae) are new to the formation, they expand the record of Kishenehn Formation Diptera to 25 families and 38 fossil species. Taxa are as follows with significance noted: Palaeoapsilocephala kishenehnensis Hauser and Greenwalt, gen. et sp. n. (Apsilocephalidae); Dilophus idanos Fitzgerald and Greenwalt, sp. n. (Bibionidae), the first fossil of the genus in the Nearctic and the oldest known fossil imago of the genus; Tmemophlebia carolinae Evenhuis and Greenwalt, sp. n. (Bombyliidae), the first fossil of the genus and the oldest fossil of the subfamily Poecilognathini; Microphorella fragilis Cumming and Greenwalt, sp. n. (Dolichopodidae), the first fossil of the genus and the first fossil parathalassiine from the Nearctic; Hoplocyrtoma eocenica Sinclair and Greenwalt, sp. n. (Hybotidae), the first fossil of the genus; Macrocera apithanos Kerr and Greenwalt, sp. n. (Keroplatidae), the first fossil species of the genus from the Nearctic; Azana akarenos Kerr and Greenwalt, sp. n. (Mycetophilidae), the first fossil of the genus in the Nearctic and the oldest known fossil of the genus; Opetia americana Amorim and Greenwalt, sp. n. (Opetiidae), the first definitive fossil of the genus and the first of its family from the Nearctic; (Psectrosciara makrochaites Amorim and Greenwalt, sp. n. and P. crassieton Amorim and Greenwalt, sp. n. (Scatopsidae); Brevitrichia messogenes Greenwalt and Winterton, sp. n. (Scenopinidae), the first fossil of the genus and, if Proratites simplex Grimaldi and Cumming, 1999 proves not to be a scenopinid, the oldest representative of the family. The bibionid species Dilophus magnus Dürrenfeldt, 1968 was re-examined and designated as Bibionidae incertae sedis. In addition, two species previously assigned to Apsilocephala, Psilocephala pusilla Hennig, 1967, and Rueppellia vagabunda Cockerell, 1927, are reassigned to the new genus as Palaeoapsilocephala.

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Basal Cyclorrhapha in Amber from the Cretaceous and Tertiary(Insecta: Diptera), and Their Relationships: Brachycera in Cretaceous Amber Part IX

Cited by 519 publications

References 48 publications

Direct evidence for eudicot pollen-feeding in a Cretaceous stinging wasp (Angiospermae; Hymenoptera, Aculeata) preserved in Burmese amber

Direct evidence for eudicot pollen-feeding in a Cretaceous stinging wasp (Angiospermae; Hymenoptera, Aculeata) preserved in Burmese amber

Living cockroach genusAnaplectadiscovered in Chiapas amber (Blattaria: Ectobiidae:Anaplecta vegasp.n.)

Diptera of the Middle Eocene Kishenehn Formation II

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