Basal Feet: Walking to the Discovery of a Novel Hybrid Cilium

Fewell, Rachael M.; Dutcher, Susan K.

doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2020.09.018

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This suggests that multiple of basal feet surround the basal body in the node cells unlike in multiciliated cells. This is consistent with reports in primary cilia in other tissues (Hagiwara et al, 2008; Fewell and Dutcher, 2020).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Left-right asymmetry is formed in the basal bodies of the mouse node cilia in a cilia motility-dependent manner

Yoke,

Taniguchi,

Nonaka

2023

Preprint

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Laterality of the shapes and arrangements of the visceral organs in mice is determined in the node, a small cavity found at the ventral side of 7.5 dpc (days post coitum) embryos. On the node cells, motile cilia which are tilted toward the posterior side of the embryos show clockwise movement and thus produce fluid flow in the node toward the left side of the embryos. This left-ward flow regulates left/right (L/R) asymmetric gene expressions and L/R asymmetric morphogenesis in later stages. Structurally, node cilia have the characteristics of primary cilia and their basal body (mother centriole) is accompanied by a daughter centriole. Here, to obtain insights into the process of symmetry breaking by node cilia, we investigated whether the structure of the cilia themselves have L/R asymmetry, and found that positions of the daughter centrioles become biased to the right side of the mother centrioles in a stage-dependent manner. We found that this L/R asymmetry of the basal bodies is absent in iv mutant mice, in which node cilia are immotile, suggesting that formation of this L/R asymmetry in the basal bodies requires cilia motility. It has been reported that culturing embryos in a flow chamber with artificial counter-flow, which is toward the opposite direction to the endogenous leftward flow in the node, results in reversed laterality of the visceral organs in later stages. However, we found that applying such artificial counter-flow did not reverse the L/R asymmetry of the basal bodies, and the daughter centrioles were still biased to the right side of the mother centrioles, suggesting that the L/R asymmetry of the basal bodies is formed independently from the direction of the fluid flow in the node and that it is independent from the laterality of the visceral organs. Although the biological significance of this phenomenon is unknown so far, these results suggest that node cilia have a previously unknown mechanism to produce L/R asymmetry in the basal bodies inside the cells in early development, independently from the canonical fluid flow-dependent L/R determining pathway.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Left-right asymmetry is formed in the basal bodies of the mouse node cilia in a cilia motility-dependent manner

Yoke,

Taniguchi,

Nonaka

2023

Preprint

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“…The mature centriole and ciliary BB possess distal and subdistal appendages (also known as basal feet), which are critical for BB anchoring. Interestingly, each motile cilium in MCCs has a cone-like basal foot on the lateral side of the BB, different from the presence of nine symmetrical basal feet per primary cilium (Fewell and Dutcher, 2020). In primary ciliated cells, cortical actin clearing and ciliary membrane partitioning are essential for ciliogenesis (Jewett et al, 2021;Smith et al, 2020;Zhao et al, 2023a).…”

Section: Lyu Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation and function of multiciliated cells

Lyu,

Li,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Journal of Cell Biology

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In vertebrates, multiciliated cells (MCCs) are terminally differentiated cells that line the airway tracts, brain ventricles, and reproductive ducts. Each MCC contains dozens to hundreds of motile cilia that beat in a synchronized manner to drive fluid flow across epithelia, the dysfunction of which is associated with a group of human diseases referred to as motile ciliopathies, such as primary cilia dyskinesia. Given the dynamic and complex process of multiciliogenesis, the biological events essential for forming multiple motile cilia are comparatively unelucidated. Thanks to advancements in genetic tools, omics technologies, and structural biology, significant progress has been achieved in the past decade in understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of multiple motile cilia formation. In this review, we discuss recent studies with ex vivo culture MCC and animal models, summarize current knowledge of multiciliogenesis, and particularly highlight recent advances and their implications.

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Regulation of the Cilia as a Potential Treatment for Senescence and Tumors: A Review

Zhu,

Pan,

Yang

et al. 2024

Journal Cellular Physiology

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Millions of people worldwide die from malignant tumors every year, and the current clinical treatment is still based on radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Immunotherapy‐adjuvant chemotherapy is widely applied, yet resistance to various factors persists in the management of advanced malignancies. Recently researchers have gradually discovered that the integrity of primary cilia is closely related to many diseases. The phenotypic changes in primary cilia are found in some cases of progeria, tumorigenesis, and drug resistance. Primary cilia seem to mediate signaling during these diseases. Hedgehog inhibitors have emerged in recent years to treat tumors by controlling signaling proteins on primary cilia. There is evidence for the use of anti‐tumor drugs to treat senescence‐related disease. Considering the close relationship between aging and obesity, as well as the obesity is the phenotype of many ciliopathies. Therefore, we speculate that some anti‐tumor or anti‐aging drugs can treat ciliopathies. Additionally, there is evidence suggesting that anti‐aging drugs for tumor treatment, in which the process may be mediated by cilia. This review elucidates for the first time that cilia may be involved in the regulation of senescence, metabolic, tumorigenesis, and tumor resistance and hypothesizes that cilia can be regulated to treat these diseases in the future.

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Basal Feet: Walking to the Discovery of a Novel Hybrid Cilium

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Left-right asymmetry is formed in the basal bodies of the mouse node cilia in a cilia motility-dependent manner

Left-right asymmetry is formed in the basal bodies of the mouse node cilia in a cilia motility-dependent manner

Formation and function of multiciliated cells

Regulation of the Cilia as a Potential Treatment for Senescence and Tumors: A Review

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