Basal ganglia and dopamine contributions to probabilistic category learning

Shohamy, Daphna; Myers, Catherine E.; Kalanithi, J.; Gluck, Mark A.

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.07.008

Cited by 201 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 112 publications

(211 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, the worse learning outcome 'off medication' in our cohort is compatible with the notion of Jahanshahi and colleagues that learning on the weather prediction task may be more impaired along a more advanced disease stage and more severe motor impairment (Jahanshahi et al 2010). Consistently, more severe dopaminergic neurodegeneration may affect ventral striatal function that is considered critical for implicit contributions on probabilistic category learning (review article in (Shohamy et al 2008)). Interestingly, we found that motor impairment in MedOFF correlated significantly with learning performance in MedON.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

The subthalamic nucleus modulates the early phase of probabilistic classification learning

et al. 2014

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Previous models proposed that the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is critical in the early phase of skill acquisition. We hypothesized that subthalamic deep brain stimulation modulates the learning curve in early classification learning. Thirteen idiopathic Parkinson's disease patients (iPD) with subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS), 9 medically treated iPD, and 21 age-matched healthy controls were tested with a probabilistic classification task. STN-DBS patients were tested with stimulation OFF and ON, and medically treated patients with medication OFF and ON, respectively. Performance and reaction time were analyzed on the first 100 consecutive trials as early learning phase. Moreover, data were separated for low and high-probability patterns, and more differentiated strategy analyses were used. The major finding was a significant modulation of the learning curve in DBS patients with stimulation ON: although overall learning was similar to healthy controls, only the stimulation ON group showed a transient significant performance dip from trials '41-60' that rapidly recovered. Further analysis indicated that this might be paralleled by a modulation of the learning strategy, particularly on the high-probability patterns. The reaction time was unchanged during the dip. Our study supports that the STN serves as a relay in early classification learning and directs attention toward unacquainted content. The STN might play a role in balancing the short-term success against strategy optimization for improved long-term outcome. AbstractPrevious models proposed that the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is critical in the early phase of skill acquisition. We hypothesized that subthalamic deep brain stimulation modulates the learning curve in early classification learning. 13 idiopathic Parkinson's disease patients (iPD) with subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS), 9 medically treated iPD, and 21 age-matched healthy controls were tested with a probabilistic classification task. STN-DBS patients were tested with stimulation OFF and ON, medically treated patients with medication OFF and ON, respectively. Performance and reaction time were analyzed on the first 100 consecutive trials as early learning phase. Moreover, data were separated for low and high probability patterns, and more differentiated strategy analyses were used.The major finding was a significant modulation of the learning curve in DBS patients with stimulation ON: although overall learning was similar to healthy controls, only the stimulation ON group showed a transient significant performance dip from trials '41-60' that rapidly recovered. Further analysis indicated that this might be paralleled by a modulation of the learning strategy, particularly on the high probability patterns. The reaction time was unchanged during the dip. Our study supports that the STN serves as a relay in early classification learning and directs attention towards unacquainted content.The STN might play a role in balancing the short-term success against strategy optimi...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

The subthalamic nucleus modulates the early phase of probabilistic classification learning

et al. 2014

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“…The WPT and IIT both depend on incremental, feedback-based learning that is generally mediated by corticostriatal circuits, although prefrontal and medial temporal lobe structures may also be involved (21,22,44,45). In particular, rapid acquisition of stimulus-outcome contingencies that coincides with early gains in learning is thought to be mediated by NMDARdependent LTP at dorsomedial striatal (DMS) synapses (21, 22, 46).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Augmenting NMDA receptor signaling boosts experience-dependent neuroplasticity in the adult human brain

Forsyth

Bachman

Mathalon

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Experience-dependent plasticity is a fundamental property of the brain. It is critical for everyday function, is impaired in a range of neurological and psychiatric disorders, and frequently depends on long-term potentiation (LTP). Preclinical studies suggest that augmenting N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) signaling may promote experience-dependent plasticity; however, a lack of noninvasive methods has limited our ability to test this idea in humans until recently. We examined the effects of enhancing NMDAR signaling using D-cycloserine (DCS) on a recently developed LTP EEG paradigm that uses high-frequency visual stimulation (HFvS) to induce neural potentiation in visual cortex neurons, as well as on three cognitive tasks: a weather prediction task (WPT), an information integration task (IIT), and a n-back task. The WPT and IIT are learning tasks that require practice with feedback to reach optimal performance. The n-back assesses working memory. Healthy adults were randomized to receive DCS (100 mg; n = 32) or placebo (n = 33); groups were similar in IQ and demographic characteristics. Participants who received DCS showed enhanced potentiation of neural responses following repetitive HFvS, as well as enhanced performance on the WPT and IIT. Groups did not differ on the n-back. Augmenting NMDAR signaling using DCS therefore enhanced activitydependent plasticity in human adults, as demonstrated by lasting enhancement of neural potentiation following repetitive HFvS and accelerated acquisition of two learning tasks. Results highlight the utility of considering cellular mechanisms underlying distinct cognitive functions when investigating potential cognitive enhancers.D-cycloserine | NMDA receptor | neuroplasticity | long-term potentiation | learning E xperience-dependent neuroplasticity is the capacity of the brain to change in response to environmental input, learning, and use. It is a fundamental property of the brain and is critical for everyday functioning. It allows us to learn and remember patterns, predict and obtain reward, and refine and accelerate response selection for adaptive behavior (1). During development, experience-dependent plasticity interacts with genetic programming to organize neurons into the structurally and functionally connected circuits that characterize a mature brain. Although this basic circuitry is established by early adulthood, experience-dependent plasticity continues to shape connectivity within these circuits such that important inputs and action outputs are represented by larger and more coordinated populations of neurons. Given that these changes are the primary means through which the adult brain enables new behavior and that such plasticity is impaired in a range of neurological and psychiatric disorders (2), identifying manipulations that can harness experiencedependent plasticity offers exciting possibilities. Here, we tested whether augmenting N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activity could enhance experience-dependent plasticity in the adult human brain.The ...

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“…Impaired WPT performance was not accompanied by this lack of declarative memory in PD patients (Knowlton et al, 1996;Sage et al, 2003;Witt et al, 2002). The double dissociation between learning performance and explicit recall has been taken as evidence for the existence of multiple memory systems (Ashby et al, 1998;Ashby and Maddox, 2005;Gabrieli, 1998;Knowlton et al, 1994Knowlton et al, , 1996Poldrack and Rodriguez, 2004;Shohamy et al, 2008). According to this view, PCL involves an implicit habit learning process which depends on the dorsal striatum, an area unaffected Speekenbrink).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Models of probabilistic category learning in Parkinson’s disease: Strategy use and the effects of L-dopa

Speekenbrink

Lagnado

Wilkinson

et al. 2010

Journal of Mathematical Psychology

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Basal ganglia and dopamine contributions to probabilistic category learning

Cited by 201 publications

References 112 publications

The subthalamic nucleus modulates the early phase of probabilistic classification learning

The subthalamic nucleus modulates the early phase of probabilistic classification learning

Augmenting NMDA receptor signaling boosts experience-dependent neuroplasticity in the adult human brain

Models of probabilistic category learning in Parkinson’s disease: Strategy use and the effects of L-dopa

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