Basal Ganglia Germinoma in an Adult

Pémille, Clément Vialatte de; Bielle, Franck; Mokhtari, Karima; Kerboua, Esma; Alapetite, Claire; Idbaïh, Ahmed

doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2016.05.041

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Germinoma is the most common type (2/3) of the intracranial germ cells tumors [3] and 90% of cases are diagnosed before 20 years of age [4]. BG is a rare location for IGs, preceded by the pineal and suprasellar regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Right Basal Ganglia Germinoma: Case Report and Literature Review

Tian¹,

Liang²,

Bian³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Among intracranial germinomas, germinoma of basal ganglia has been rarely reported. We discuss a new case of basal ganglia germinoma(BGG) and perform the literature review over the last two decades, with the aim of emphasizing the diagnosis and treatment in early-stage BGG.Case presentation: A seven years old Chinese boy presented with 4 months history of left limb movement disorder and oblique right mouth corner. The human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) level in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) was slightly increased. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) showed ipsilateral brain and brainstem atrophy. Susceptibility weighted imaging(SWI) revealed obvious hypointensity in right globus pallidus. Pathological diagnosis on biopsy was confirmed with germinoma. The patient had a favorable relief of symptoms after chemoradiotherapy.Conclusion: Intracranial germinoma, a potentially curable tumor, the early diagnosis is essential for the prognosis. An elevated HCG level of CSF or serum can be used as a reference indicator. MRI, especially SWI, plays an important role in early diagnosis. Patients should be treated with standardized chemoradiotherapy early rather than surgery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Right Basal Ganglia Germinoma: Case Report and Literature Review

Tian¹,

Liang²,

Bian³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Other locations (e.g. the basal ganglia) are uncommon in Western populations, but more frequent in Asia ( 2 ). According to the 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) nomenclature ( 3 ), GCTs are broadly divided first into germinomas ( Figure 2 ), and nongerminomatous GCTs (NGGCTs).…”

Section: Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumormentioning

confidence: 99%

Central nervous system germ cell tumor, an archetypal AYA tumor and a model for pediatric and neuro-oncology collaboration, review from the EURACAN domain 10 group

et al. 2022

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Simple Summary: Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with cancer often fall through gaps between children’s and adults’ cancer services. They are consequently under-represented in clinical trials, and their survival is often inferior to that of children or adults with the same tumor type; in this paper, we use the example of central nervous system germ cell tumors (CNS-GCT), as a model of AYA tumor to illustrate this challenge. We describe how we have built bridges between pediatric and adult oncology, how this can apply to other types of brain tumors, and discuss ways to promote cancer care in the AYA population.Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with cancer are under-represented in clinical trials and have thus not benefited from the same improvement in outcomes as either younger or older patients. Central nervous system germ cell tumors (CNS-GCT) represent an ideal model of AYA tumor as their incidence peaks during adolescence and young adulthood. Since the early 90’s, SIOP (International Society of Pediatric Oncology) has launched two successive European trials: SIOP CNS-GCT96 (January 1996 to December 2005) and SIOP CNS-GCTII protocols (October 2011 to July 2018), for CNS-GCTs. With the removal of the upper age limit in the SIOP CNS-GCTII trial, and closer collaboration between pediatric and adult oncologists within AYA multidisciplinary tumor boards, the proportion of adults enrolled in France has dramatically increased over time. The current article will use the example of CNS-GCT to illustrate how to build a bridge between pediatric and adult oncology, how this can apply to other types of brain tumors, and how to promote cancer care in the AYA population.

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“…Imatinib, a selective TKI, showed efficacy in cases of GISTs resistant to conventional treatment that presented exon 9 and 11 mutation [ 150 ]. Similarly, in CNS germinomas, KIT exons 11 and 17 are most frequently mutated, followed by exons [ 2 , 10 , 13 , 14 , 87 , 89 , 90 , 92 ]. Therefore, it can be presumed that germinomas harbouring exon 11 mutations are candidates for Imatinib therapy.…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Germinomas usually develop in the midline areas of the brain, most often in the pineal gland (50% of the pineal tumours are germinomas) and the suprasellar region [ 8 ]. In approximately 5–10% of the cases, the tumour is ectopically situated (in other areas than neurohypophysial or pineal sites), including the basal ganglia, thalamus, corpus callosum, cerebellum, septum pellucidum, temporal lobe, and the spinal cord [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Suprasellar germinomas are associated with female patients (<15 years old), while pineal germinomas with male patients (>15 years) [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Pathology and Targeted Therapies for Personalized Management of Central Nervous System Germinoma

Ilcus

Silaghi

Georgescu

et al. 2021

JPM

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Intracranial germinomas are rare tumours, usually affecting male paediatric patients. They frequently develop in the pineal and suprasellar regions, causing endocrinological disturbances, visual deficits, and increased intracranial pressure. The diagnosis is established on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers, and tumour stereotactic biopsy. Imaging techniques, such as susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), T2* (T2-star) gradient echo (GRE) or arterial spin labelling based perfusion-weighted MRI (ASL-PWI) facilitate the diagnosis. Germinomas are highly radiosensitive tumours, with survival rates >90% in the context of chemoradiotherapy. However, patients with resistant disease have limited therapeutic options and poor survival. The aim of this review is to highlight the genetic, epigenetic, and immunologic features, which could provide the basis for targeted therapy. Intracranial germinomas present genetic and epigenetic alterations (chromosomal aberrations, KIT, MAPK and PI3K pathways mutations, DNA hypomethylation, miRNA dysregulation) that may represent targets for therapy. Tyrosine kinase and mTOR inhibitors warrant further investigation in these cases. Immune markers, PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) and PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1), are expressed in germinomas, representing potential targets for immune checkpoint inhibitors. Resistant cases should benefit from a personalized management: genetic and immunological testing and enrolment in trials evaluating targeted therapies in intracranial germinomas.

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Basal Ganglia Germinoma in an Adult

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Right Basal Ganglia Germinoma: Case Report and Literature Review

Right Basal Ganglia Germinoma: Case Report and Literature Review

Central nervous system germ cell tumor, an archetypal AYA tumor and a model for pediatric and neuro-oncology collaboration, review from the EURACAN domain 10 group

Molecular Pathology and Targeted Therapies for Personalized Management of Central Nervous System Germinoma

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