Basal Growth Temperatures and Growth Rate Constants of Warm‐Season Turfgrass Species

Unruh, J. Bryan; Gaussoin, Roch E.; Wiest, Steven C.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1996.0011183x0036000400030x

Cited by 35 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…A grama Tifton 419 é considerada fortemente estacional, com baixas produções no outono-inverno, pois é tipicamente tropical (Unruh et al, 1996). Com o aumento das temperaturas, a resposta das gramas foi expressiva, especialmente para esse híbrido e para a São Carlos, com menores taxas de crescimento para a grama esmeralda.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Desenvolvimento morfológico das gramas Esmeralda, São Carlos e Tifton 419

et al. 2011

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RESUMOAvaliou-se o desenvolvimento morfológico das gramas São Carlos (Axonopus affinis), Tifton 419 (Cynodon dactylon x C. transvaalensis) e Esmeralda (Zoysia sp.), cultivadas em casa de vegetação e colhidas integralmente aos 97, 118, 146, 174, 202, 230 e 258 dias de idade. A Tifton 419 mostrou os maiores comprimentos de estolão (83,3 cm), altura de planta (23,6 cm) e número de folhas (12-24 cm -1 de estolão); as folhas mediram 6,7 cm x 1,9 mm (textura fina). Os estolões da São Carlos atingiram em média 58,3 cm e foram os mais espessos (2,5 cm), com 2-4 folhas cm de estolão -1 ; as folhas mediram 10,9 cm x 12,3 mm (textura grossa) e a altura máxima da planta foi de 13 cm. A Esmeralda foi inferior quanto à altura (10 cm), comprimento de estolão (45 cm) e número de folhas (7 folhas cm de estolão -1 ); as folhas mediram 6,2 cm x 3,7 mm (textura média). O acúmulo de matéria seca da parte aérea (mg planta -1 ) atingiu 12.100 (São Carlos), 8.700 (Tifton 419) e 3.500 (Esmeralda) e a relação raiz:parte aérea foi de 0,33; 0,15 e 0,19, respectivamente. As distintas características morfológicas das gramas podem subsidiar sua escolha para diferentes propósitos. Termos para indexação:Axonopus, Cynodon, Zoyzia, estolão, folhas, raízes. ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the morphological development of Carpetgrass (Axonopus affinis), Tifton 419 (Cynodon dactylon x C. transvaalensis) and Emerald (Zoysia sp.) turfgrasses grown in greenhouse and harvested at 97, 118, 146, 174, 202, 230 and 258 days old. Tifton 419 showed the largest stolons (83.3 cm), height (23.6 cm) and leaf number (12-24 cm -1 stolon); leaves measured 6.7 cm x 1.9 mm (fine texture). Carpetgrass stolons reached on average 58.3 cm and were thicker (2.5 cm), with 2-4 leaf cm -1 ; their leaves measured 10.9 cm x 12.3 mm (coarse texture) and the maximum height of the plant was 13 cm. The Emerald presented the lowest height (10 cm), stolon length (45 cm), leaf number (7 leaves cm stolon -1 ); their leaves measured 6.2 cm x 3.7 mm (medium texture). The dry matter accumulation (mg plant -1 ) reached 12,100 (Carpetgrass), 8,700 (Tifton 419) and 3,500 (Emerald), with root:shoot relation of 0.33, 0.15 and 0.19, respectively. The distinct morphologic characteristics of the grasses may promote its use for different purposes.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Desenvolvimento morfológico das gramas Esmeralda, São Carlos e Tifton 419

et al. 2011

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“…In other experiments, the temperature minimum for shoot growth ranged from about 10°C in bermudagrass to 16°C in zoysiagrass (Brown 1939;Youngner 1959Youngner , 1960Youngner , 1961. Unruh et al (1996) modelled the effects of temperatures from 5°to 30°C on leaf elongation in 8 warm-season grasses in glasshouse experiments in Iowa, USA. The base temperature for growth, T 0 , was 12.3°C for centipedegrass, and from 1.2°to 4.9°C for zoysiagrass, bermudagrass and buffalograss.…”

Section: Relative Cold Tolerance Of the Grassesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient uptake in tropical turfgrasses growing in winter in southern Queensland

Menzel¹,

Broomhall

2006

Aust. J. Exp. Agric.

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The effects of fertilisers on 8 tropical turfgrasses growing in 100-L bags of sand were studied over winter in Murrumba Downs, just north of Brisbane in southern Queensland (latitude 27.4°S, longitude 153.1°E). The species used were: Axonopus compressus (broad-leaf carpetgrass), Cynodon dactylon (bermudagrass ‘Winter Green’) and C. dactylon × C. transvaalensis hybrid (‘Tifgreen’), Digitaria didactyla (Queensland blue couch), Paspalum notatum (bahiagrass ‘38824’), Stenotaphrum secundatum (buffalograss ‘Palmetto’), Eremochloa ophiuroides (centipedegrass ‘Centec’) and Zoysia japonica (zoysiagrass ‘ZT-11’). Control plots were fertilised with complete fertilisers every month from May to September (72 kg N/ha, 31 kg P/ha, 84 kg K/ha, 48 kg S/ha, 30 kg Ca/ha and 7.2 kg Mg/ha), and unfertilised plots received no fertiliser. Carpetgrass and standard bermudagrass were the most sensitive species to nutrient supply, with lower shoot dry weights in the unfertilised plots (shoots mowed to thatch level) compared with the fertilised plots in June. There were lower shoot dry weights in the unfertilised plots in July for all species, except for buffalograss, centipedegrass and zoysiagrass, and lower shoot dry weights in the unfertilised plots in August for all species, except for centipedegrass. At the end of the experiment in September, unfertilised plots were 11% of the shoot dry weights of fertilised plots, with all species affected. Mean shoot nitrogen concentrations fell from 3.2 to 1.7% in the unfertilised plots from May to August, below the sufficiency range for turfgrasses (2.8–3.5%). There were also declines in P (0.45–0.36%), K (2.4–1.5%), S (0.35–0.25%), Mg (0.24–0.18%) and B (9–6 mg/kg), which were all in the sufficiency range. The shoots in the control plots took up the following levels (kg/ha.month) of nutrients: N, 10.0–27.0; P, 1.6–4.0; K, 8.2–19.8; S, 1.0–4.2; Ca, 1.1–3.3; and Mg, 0.8–2.2, compared with applications (kg/ha.month) of: N, 72; P, 31; K, 84; S, 48; Ca, 30; and Mg, 7.2, indicating a recovery of 14–38% for N, 5–13% for P, 10–24% for K, 2–9% for S, 4–11% for Ca and 11–30% for Mg. These results suggest that buffalograss, centipedegrass and zoysiagrass are less sensitive to low nutrient supply than carpetgrass, bermudagrass, blue couch and bahiagrass. Data on nutrient uptake showed that the less sensitive species required only half or less of the nitrogen required to maintain the growth of the other grasses, indicating potential savings for turf managers in fertiliser costs and the environment in terms of nutrients entering waterways.

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“…The basal growth temperature was set at 10 °C as it reflects the essential temperature for the initiate development of warm season grasses (Frank, 1996), although lower value has been reported from Unruh et al (1996). Also, a lower limit of 10 o C was set for the minimum temperature.…”

Section: Sampling Methods and Experimental Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Quality of Herbaceous Vegetation in a Phryganic Mediterranean Ecosystem During the Grazing Period

Roukos

Kyriazopoulos

Abraham

et al. 2017

Not Bot Horti Agrobo

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Grazing is an economically and environmentally valuable activity in phryganic Mediterranean ecosystems. The herbaceous vegetation of these ecosystems provides an essential feed source for grazing ruminants. Despite the extension and economic importance of phryganic ecosystems in Mediterranean Basin there has been relatively little scientific focus on nutritional quality of their herbaceous vegetation. The nutritional quality of herbaceous vegetation in a phryganic ecosystem was assessed for two consecutive years during the grazing period (March to July). Herbage samples were analysed for chemical composition, metabolizable energy, in vitro dry matter digestibility, in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility and mineral content (Ca, P, K, Mg) at monthly basis. According to the results time of harvest significantly affected crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin and the content of minerals (i.e. Ca, P, Mg, K). Mean monthly temperature found to have a great negative impact on nutritional quality. During the grazing period, the nutritional quality of herbage vegetation was strongly correlated with growing degree days. Over a threshold of about 700 growing degree days the nutritional quality of herbage dramatically decreased. Overall the current study provides crucial information for the nutritional dynamics of the herbage vegetation of the phryganic Mediterranean ecosystems that can be towards developing an efficient grazing strategy.

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Basal Growth Temperatures and Growth Rate Constants of Warm‐Season Turfgrass Species

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Desenvolvimento morfológico das gramas Esmeralda, São Carlos e Tifton 419

Desenvolvimento morfológico das gramas Esmeralda, São Carlos e Tifton 419

Nutrient uptake in tropical turfgrasses growing in winter in southern Queensland

Nutritional Quality of Herbaceous Vegetation in a Phryganic Mediterranean Ecosystem During the Grazing Period

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