Basaloid-squamous carcinoma of the tongue, hypopharynx, and larynx:

Wain, Stephanie L.; Kier, Ruben; Vollmer, Robin T.; Bossen, Edward H.

doi:10.1016/s0046-8177(86)80422-1

Cited by 450 publications

(416 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The first is a basaloid component, comprised of hyperchromatic cells with scant cytoplasm, growing in solid nests with a lobular configuration. 1, 18 The tumor characteristically has small spaces filled with myxoid material and stromal hyalinization. Comedo-type necrosis is common, and the cell nests may show peripheral palisading.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second component is squamous differentiation, which can be seen focally within the tumor, or may represent a larger component that is admixed with the basaloid areas. 1,18 In some cases, the squamous component may be represented by only in situ squamous cell carcinoma at the mucosal surface. The basaloid appearance and spaces filled with myxoid material may lead to a close resemblance to adenoid cystic carcinoma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of human papilloma virus and p16 expression in high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck

et al. 2012

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Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, particularly basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, may be difficult to distinguish from high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma. Evidence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, particularly HPV 16, is frequently found in non-keratinizing oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Immunoreactivity for p16, a surrogate marker for HPV infection, often parallels the HPV infection status in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. However, the incidence and correlation between p16 expression and HPV infection in high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma is unknown. Sixteen cases of high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma, three cases of dedifferentiated adenoid cystic carcinoma and eight cases of low-/intermediate-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma were identified for inclusion in the study. All cases were tested by immunohistochemistry for p16 expression and in situ hybridization for high-and low-risk HPV. Eight cases (100%) of low-to-intermediate-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma were focally positive for p16, all of which were negative for HPV. In all, 14 of 16 cases (88%) of high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma and three cases (100%) of dedifferentiated adenoid cystic carcinoma were positive for p16; strong and diffuse staining was noted in three cases (3 of 19, 16%). Two cases (11%) of high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma, which were also diffusely positive for p16, showed the presence of high-risk HPV. These findings suggest that the presence of HPV infection in high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma is infrequent, even in the presence of p16 immunostaining. Nevertheless, HPV positivity should not be used to exclude the possibility of high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma when the differential diagnosis includes squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover, although p16 overexpression is often used as a surrogate marker for HPV in squamous cell carcinoma, it cannot be used in this manner in high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of human papilloma virus and p16 expression in high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck

et al. 2012

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“…The second feature is an intimate association with SCC or dysplasia or the presence of focal squamous differentiation. Other accessory findings, including small or large central foci of coagulative necrosis and stromal hyalinosis are also described [15,16]. BSCC typically grows as rounded nests in the submucosa, just as LCNEC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Larynx: Definition of an Entity

Lewis

Spence

Chiosea

et al. 2010

Head and Neck Pathol

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Laryngeal atypical carcinoids (AC/moderatelydifferentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma) are associated with moderately aggressive clinical behavior; however, a subset of tumors classified as AC have much greater aggressive potential. These tumors fulfill the proposed diagnostic criteria for pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, albeit in the larynx. In the current WHO classification, laryngeal large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC) are classified as variants of AC, whereas pulmonary LCNEC are classified as poorly-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas. Reported outcomes for pulmonary tumors support the separate classification of LCNEC. Five and ten year survival rates for pulmonary AC are 61-73, and 35-59%, respectively, while the 5-year survival rate for pulmonary LCNEC is as low as 30%. By extension, we postulate that the biologic potential of laryngeal LCNEC is similar to that of small-cell carcinoma (poorly-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma), and as such, warrants reclassification. The files of Barnes Jewish Hospital/Washington University were searched for the term ''neuroendocrine'' and the anatomic subsite larynx. Neuroendocrine carcinoma cases were evaluated using the WHO definitions for pulmonary AC and LCNEC; small cell carcinoma was excluded. Cases were also solicited from the larger head and neck pathology community. A literature search was also performed for cases of laryngeal neuroendocrine carcinoma, and cases which could be clearly classified as LCNEC by this scheme were captured as well. Six new cases plus four reported cases were identified which fulfill the WHO criteria for pulmonary LCNEC (eight men and two women). Nine patients presented at stage IV and 88% died of disease (DOD), 75 and 100% of these at 2 and 3 years, respectively. Laryngeal LCNEC is a rare entity, distinct from AC. We recommend that laryngeal tumors fulfilling WHO criteria for pulmonary LCNEC not be classified as variants of AC, but as variants of small cell carcinoma (poorly-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma) as they are associated with poorer outcome.

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“…CT scan did not show recurrent or progressive disease in the surgical resection site. Discussion BSCC was first described as a distinct entity by Wain et al [1]. Studies have showed that BSCC has a predilection for the larynx, hypopharynx, and base of tongue [2,3,7].…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) was first reported by Wain et al [1] and, subsequently, confirmed to be a distinctive morphologic variant of squamous cell carcinoma. BSCC preferentially occurs in the head and neck region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sphenoid Sinus Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presenting as a Sellar Mass: Report a Case with Review of the Literature

Eskandari

Fowler

2010

Head and Neck Pathol

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Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a distinctive variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with more aggressive behavior. It occurs preferentially in the upper aerodigestive tract. Sinonasal tract BSCC is uncommon, and only limited studies have been reported in literature. In these studies, most BSCCs arose from the nasal mucosa with or without extension to the paranasal sinuses. Rare reported cases of BSCC involved only the paranasal sinus. In this report, we present a case of a female patient with a sphenoid sinus mass. Clinically, the patient had progressively decreasing vision and headache. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomographic (CT) scan showed an infiltrating tumor mass involving the sphenoid sinus and the sella with compression of the optic nerve. Pathologic examination revealed an invasive basaloid epithelial neoplasm that was arranged in lobules, nests and cords. The tumor also showed palisading of peripheral cells, focal abrupt squamous differentiation and in situ carcinoma in the surface mucosa. In the immunohistochemical studies, this tumor revealed a strongly positive nuclear staining for p63. The morphologic and ancillary studies indicated a BSCC. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of sinonasal tract BSCC that mainly involved the sphenoid bone and sella. In this region, BSCC should be distinguished from benign and malignant neoplasms that more often affect sella and base of skull, such as pituitary adenoma with extensive necrosis, small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNC), olfactory neuroblastoma, malignant germ cell tumor, paranasal adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), and a variety of metastatic malignancies.

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Basaloid-squamous carcinoma of the tongue, hypopharynx, and larynx:

Cited by 450 publications

References 33 publications

Detection of human papilloma virus and p16 expression in high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck

Detection of human papilloma virus and p16 expression in high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck

Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Larynx: Definition of an Entity

Sphenoid Sinus Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presenting as a Sellar Mass: Report a Case with Review of the Literature

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