The use of heterogeneous catalysts to convert glycerol
into lactic
acid has been extensively investigated in recent years. Several different
strategies have been employed, but importantly, the highest production
rates of lactic acid are achieved through aerobic oxidation under
alkaline conditions. Despite the progress made in this area, insight
into how the catalytic properties influence the selectivity of the
competing pathways, oxidative dehydrogenation and dehydration, remains
limited. Developing a deeper understanding is therefore critical,
if process commercialization is to be realized. Using a model Pt/TiO2 catalyst, we set out to investigate how the supported metal
particle size and support phase influenced the selectivity of these
two pathways. Both these parameters have a profound effect on the
reaction selectivity. Using a range of characterization techniques
and through adopting a systematic approach to experimental design,
important observations were made. Both pathways are first instigated
through the oxidative dehydrogenation of glycerol, leading to the
formation of glyceraldehyde or dihydroxyacetone. If these intermediates
desorb, they rapidly undergo dehydration through a reaction with the
homogeneous base in solution. Based on the experimental evidence we
therefore propose that selectivity to lactic acid is influenced by
surface residence time.