Base protocol for real time active random surveillance of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) – Adapting veterinary methodology to public health

Foddai, Alessandro; Liu, Juan; Ellis‐Iversen, Johanne

doi:10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100129

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…People with very low viral loads are most certainly less infectious, and thus their identification may not be critical to reducing viral spread. In addition, surveillance testing will likely be adopted to monitor populations fairly broadly and randomly (19,20). Pooling without purification may suffice for detection of highly infectious individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 detection using isothermal amplification and a rapid, inexpensive protocol for sample inactivation and purification

Rabe

Cepko

2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

246

354

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The current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has had an enormous impact on society worldwide, threatening the lives and livelihoods of many. The effects will continue to grow and worsen if economies begin to open without the proper precautions, including expanded diagnostic capabilities. To address this need for increased testing, we have developed a sensitive reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay compatible with current reagents, which utilizes a colorimetric readout in as little as 30 min. A rapid inactivation protocol capable of inactivating virions, as well as endogenous nucleases, was optimized to increase sensitivity and sample stability. This protocol, combined with the RT-LAMP assay, has a sensitivity of at least 50 viral RNA copies per microliter in a sample. To further increase the sensitivity, a purification protocol compatible with this inactivation method was developed. The inactivation and purification protocol, combined with the RT-LAMP assay, brings the sensitivity to at least 1 viral RNA copy per microliter in a sample. This simple inactivation and purification pipeline is inexpensive and compatible with other downstream RNA detection platforms and uses readily available reagents. It should increase the availability of SARS-CoV-2 testing as well as expand the settings in which this testing can be performed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 detection using isothermal amplification and a rapid, inexpensive protocol for sample inactivation and purification

Rabe

Cepko

2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

246

354

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“…Public health departments, as well as universities and media outlets, are tracking the novel coronavirus using raw data, including the number of new infections, testing, positivity, R 0 (reproduction number), deaths, local hospital capacity, etc [39, . Public health surveillance informs policy on "flattening the curve" of COVID-19 [94][95][96][97]. Epidemiologists have utilized various modeling techniques to forecast the numbers of cases and deaths attributed to the virus [98][99][100][101][102].…”

Section: Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Wave Two Surveillance in East Asia and the Pacific: Longitudinal Trend Analysis

Post¹,

Lin²,

Moss³

et al. 2021

J Med Internet Res

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound global impact on governments, health care systems, economies, and populations around the world. Within the East Asia and Pacific region, some countries have mitigated the spread of the novel coronavirus effectively and largely avoided severe negative consequences, while others still struggle with containment. As the second wave reaches East Asia and the Pacific, it becomes more evident that additional SARS-CoV-2 surveillance is needed to track recent shifts, rates of increase, and persistence associated with the pandemic. Objective The goal of this study is to provide advanced surveillance metrics for COVID-19 transmission that account for speed, acceleration, jerk, persistence, and weekly shifts, to better understand country risk for explosive growth and those countries who are managing the pandemic successfully. Existing surveillance coupled with our dynamic metrics of transmission will inform health policy to control the COVID-19 pandemic until an effective vaccine is developed. We provide novel indicators to measure disease transmission. Methods Using a longitudinal trend analysis study design, we extracted 330 days of COVID-19 data from public health registries. We used an empirical difference equation to measure the daily number of cases in East Asia and the Pacific as a function of the prior number of cases, the level of testing, and weekly shift variables based on a dynamic panel model that was estimated using the generalized method of moments approach by implementing the Arellano-Bond estimator in R. Results The standard surveillance metrics for Indonesia, the Philippines, and Myanmar were concerning as they had the largest new caseloads at 4301, 2588, and 1387, respectively. When looking at the acceleration of new COVID-19 infections, we found that French Polynesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines had rates at 3.17, 0.22, and 0.06 per 100,000. These three countries also ranked highest in terms of jerk at 15.45, 0.10, and 0.04, respectively. Conclusions Two of the most populous countries in East Asia and the Pacific, Indonesia and the Philippines, have alarming surveillance metrics. These two countries rank highest in new infections in the region. The highest rates of speed, acceleration, and positive upwards jerk belong to French Polynesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines, and may result in explosive growth. While all countries in East Asia and the Pacific need to be cautious about reopening their countries since outbreaks are likely to occur in the second wave of COVID-19, the country of greatest concern is the Philippines. Based on standard and enhanced surveillance, the Philippines has not gained control of the COVID-19 epidemic, which is particularly troubling because the country ranks 4th in population in the region. Without extreme and rigid social distancing, quarantines, hygiene, and masking to reverse trends, the Philippines will remain on the global top 5 list of worst COVID-19 outbreaks resulting in high morbidity and mortality. The second wave will only exacerbate existing conditions and increase COVID-19 transmissions.

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“…Apart from safeguarding animals by prevention of outbreaks and zoonoses, veterinary epidemiologists can suggest surveillance measures from their experiences from several animal epidemics (avian influenza, rinderpest, bluetongue etc.) occurred in the past 12 .…”

Section: Roles and Responsibilities Of The Veterinary Professionals Towards Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

<strong>COVID19: An Opinion on Animal Infections and Role of Veterinarians in One Health Perspective</strong>

Priyadarsini¹,

Singh²,

Somagond³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Coronavirus disease is the current cause of global concern. The massive outbreak of COVID-19 has led the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare this as a pandemic situation. The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARSCoV-2) is responsible for COVID-19 leading to acute respiratory distress and substantial mortality in humans. However, the first laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 in a pet dog in Hong Kong has shown the possibility of human-to-animal transmission (zooanthroponotic) of the virus. Thereafter, many animals including cat, tiger, lion and mink have also been reported to acquire the virus in several countries. In this situation the role of veterinarian assumes important in treating the animals, helping in food security, disease diagnosis, surveillance and boosting the economy of livestock stakeholders at the grassroot level. In the absence of any selective vaccine or drug against SARS-CoV-2, the world is anticipated to triumph over this pandemic with collaborative, multisectoral, and transdisciplinary approach linking human, animal and environmental health. This article gives an insight into the confirmed SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in animals, including the factors behind the shuffling of the virus among variety of species and also emphasizes on the role of veterinarian in managing and safeguarding public health so as to pave the way for adopting one health approach in order to conserve biodiversity.

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Base protocol for real time active random surveillance of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) – Adapting veterinary methodology to public health

Cited by 23 publications

References 9 publications

SARS-CoV-2 detection using isothermal amplification and a rapid, inexpensive protocol for sample inactivation and purification

SARS-CoV-2 detection using isothermal amplification and a rapid, inexpensive protocol for sample inactivation and purification

SARS-CoV-2 Wave Two Surveillance in East Asia and the Pacific: Longitudinal Trend Analysis

<strong>COVID19: An Opinion on Animal Infections and Role of Veterinarians in One Health Perspective</strong>

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