Base station density optimization for high energy efficiency in two-tier cellular networks

Abstract

The base station (BS) density configuration is a key factor to improve energy efficiency (EE) performances. In this paper, BS density configurations for achieving the optimal EE performance in two-tier cellular networks are analyzed, where the Poisson point process (PPP) is used to model the BS spatial distribution. To make the EE performances trackable and analyzable, the BS density optimization in each tier is transformed into an equivalent problem that jointly optimizes "the sum and the ratio of BS densities". This equivalent optimization problem is not necessarily convex, while its monotonicity with different power consumptions of BSs is analyzable. Considering the optimal BS density configuration is not unique and the closed-form solution for achieving the best EE performance is extremely difficult to be derived, a dynamic gradient based iterative algorithm by solving the quadratic functions is proposed. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis of EE performances based on the data fitting method shows that the approximately linear relationship between the optimal BS density and the user density holds only under specific conditions. Simulation results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and verified relevant conclusions.

Energy‐efficient DoS attack against remote state estimation

“…On the other hand, energy efficiency is widely researched in wireless communication systems to save energy resources and strengthen the corresponding performance at the same time, especially for the limited energy device based systems. 8,9 For example, the problem of saving energy while satisfying given throughput and delay requirement was formulated in 8 to obtain the optimal modulation and transmission strategy. Since the amount of energy used by the jammer at each attack time can affect the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) and the corresponding dropout rate, and thus has the influence on the system performance, it is reasonable to heighten the energy efficiency for the jammer with the limited energy to deteriorate the system performance maximally.…”