Baseline contamination assessment for a new resource recovery facility in Germany part II: atmospheric concentrations of PCDD/F

Hippelein, Martin; Kaupp, Heike; Dörr, Gisela; McLachlan, Michael S.; Hutzinger, O.

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(96)00070-7

Cited by 80 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Levels measured in Porto are consistent with data published for Barcelona, on the NE coast of the Iberian Peninsula, where the reported maximum concentrations were in the range of 600 to 800 fg I-TEQ m -3 (Abad et al 2004). Several studies performed in different airsheds (Hippelein et al 1996;Fiedler et al 1997a) have shown that atmospheric levels of PCDD/PCDF follow a typical seasonal variation characterized by higher concentrations during winter when compared with typical summer concentrations. This seasonal pattern can be explained by the intensification of the operation of diverse combustion sources during winter as well as by the more frequent presence of thermal inversion layers at the surface level during winter.…”

Section: Soilsupporting

confidence: 76%

Levels and congener distributions of PCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs in environmental and human samples: a review

Srogi

2007

Environ Chem Lett

180

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The term ''dioxins'' is often used in a confusing way. In toxicological considerations-and also in the present report-the term is used to designate the PCDDs, the PCDFs and the coplanar (''dioxin-like'') PCBs, since these classes of compounds show the same type of toxicity. Because of the large number of congeners, relevant individual congeners are assigned with a toxic equivalency factor (TEF) that relate their toxicity to that of tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) (2,3,7,8-TCDD) and are to be evaluated as dioxins. Each concentration of an individual congener in a mixture is multiplied with its TEF, and the resulting TCDD equivalents are added up and expressed as WHO-endorsed toxic equivalents (WHO-TEQ). Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are mainly the by-products of industrial processes (such as metallurgical processing, bleaching of paper pulp, and the manufacturing of some herbicides and pesticides) but they can also result from natural processes like volcanic eruptions and forest fires. Waste incineration, particularly if combustion is incomplete, is among the largest contributors to the release of PCDDs and PCDFs into the environment. Due to their persistence, PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs are part of the socalled persistent organic pollutants group of compounds that also include some chlorinated pesticides. Since they have a high lipophilicity and resist transformation, they bio-accumulate in animal and human adipose tissues. Consumption of food is considered as the major source of non-occupational human exposure to PCDD/Fs with foodstuffs from animal origin accounting for more than 90% of the human body burden. With meat, dairy, and fish products being the main contributors. The aim of the present review was to summarize experimental data regarding dioxin emissions from contaminated and uncontaminated biological and environmental samples, from the available literature. The information will be presented chronologically with respect to distribution in human milk, serum; food, water, air, soils and sediments.

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Section: Soilsupporting

confidence: 76%

Levels and congener distributions of PCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs in environmental and human samples: a review

Srogi

2007

Environ Chem Lett

180

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“…Table 2 shows the ambient atmospheric PCDD/F concentrations (0.312-4.58 pg N m −3 ) and corresponding I-TEQ values (0.0319-0.256 pg N m −3 ) of all samples collected at the 10 chosen sites in the four seasons studied. For all these samples, the dioxin concentrations measured were comparable to those reported for other urban cities [7][8][9][10]. It is evident from this table that the ratio of PCDDs/PCDFs (TEQ) of each location did not exhibit a trend of temporal variations over the sampling periods.…”

Section: Principal Component Analysis (Pca)supporting

confidence: 78%

A seasonality study of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in ambient air in Kaohsiung (Taiwan) clustered with metallurgical industries

Wang

Chang-Chien

Lin

et al. 2009

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…The observed winter effect is often explained via seasonallycontrolled dominant factors for the emission and degradation of PCDDs/Fs and/or seasonal change in air mass movement (Hippelein et al, 1996;Duarte et al, 1997;Lee et al, 1999;Lohmann et al, 1999). The former generally refers to higher emission of home heating in the winter and faster PCDD/F degradation rates in the summer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The winter effect on formation of PCDD/Fs in Guangzhou by vehicles: A tunnel study

Deng

Peng

Ren

et al. 2011

Atmospheric Environment

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Baseline contamination assessment for a new resource recovery facility in Germany part II: atmospheric concentrations of PCDD/F

Cited by 80 publications

References 25 publications

Levels and congener distributions of PCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs in environmental and human samples: a review

Levels and congener distributions of PCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs in environmental and human samples: a review

A seasonality study of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in ambient air in Kaohsiung (Taiwan) clustered with metallurgical industries

The winter effect on formation of PCDD/Fs in Guangzhou by vehicles: A tunnel study

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