Baseline designs of moored and grazing 40-MW OTEC pilot plants. Volume A. Detailed report

George, James F.; Richards, D.

doi:10.2172/6564705

Cited by 6 publications

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“…This production route exists commercially 37 but is less common than the reforming route. The energy demand for feed gas compression in the ammonia synthesis unit was determined from the integrated process design of George and Richards 38 (as cited by Avery 36 ). The high efficiency of the synthesis is in agreement with the energy analysis of conventional processes, which have identified the major losses to occur in the, in our case obsolete, reforming section.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… b Values used from the process modeling study by Pérez-Fortes et al, based on the process by Van-Dal and Bouallou c Values retrieved from ref , which uses pilot plant results reported by Müller et al d Based on George and Richards (as cited by Avery). e Industry value reported by Castle, as cited in Grinberg Dana et al f Compression energies were taken from Aspen Plus, using a 72% isentropic efficiency. An eight-stage integrally geared compressor with intercooling to 35 °C was assumed for H 2 and CH 4 compression to propulsion pressures. g An electrolyzer efficiency of 70% was used on the basis of refs and where Siemens reports a 75% efficiency of their largest electrolyzer model. , Late 2000 to early 2010 vendor inquiries by NREL indicate LHV efficiencies between 61% and 66%. , A 70% LHV efficiency corresponds to an electricity demand of 48 MWh/t_H 2 . h Manufacturer data as collected by the US DOE …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This production route exists commercially but is less common than the reforming route. The energy demand for feed gas compression in the ammonia synthesis unit was determined from the integrated process design of George and Richards (as cited by Avery). The high efficiency of the synthesis is in agreement with the energy analysis of conventional processes, which have identified the major losses to occur in the, in our case obsolete, reforming section. , We applied the energy demand for ASU as compiled by Grinberg Dana et al For propulsion, ammonia combustion in an ICE was assumed to have the same efficiency as methane. , Finally, for the hydrogen case, we assumed combustion in fuel cell systems: a solid oxide fuel system for the power application and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell for the propulsion application .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cValues retrieved from ref 28, which uses pilot plant results reported by Muller et al46 d Based on George and Richards38 (as cited byAvery 36 ). e q Manufacturer data from Cleaver Brooks 58.…”

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confidence: 99%

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110th Anniversary: Evaluation of CO₂-Based and CO₂-Free Synthetic Fuel Systems Using a Net-Zero-CO₂-Emission Framework

Sutter

Spek

Mazzotti

2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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This work analyzes quantitatively the energy and exergy efficiencies of storing intermittent renewable energy in chemical fuels. In the future energy system, chemical fuels provide a very effective approach for long-term storage and long-distance transport of renewable electricity. For the sake of completeness and simplicity, we consider both carbon-free fuels, namely, hydrogen and ammonia, and carbon-rich fuels, i.e., methane and methanol, synthesized using CO2 as the precursor. The latter are called CCU fuels as they constitute an application of CO2 capture and utilization (CCU), which is often advocated to be an effective approach toward climate change mitigation (though no consensus exists). Instead of focusing on the CO2 conversion step, we apply a system-oriented perspective, grounded in the net-zero-CO2-emission framework, to quantify merits and drawbacks. In such a framework, we consider eight systems and technology chains where, in the spirit of a circular economy, the only input is renewable electricity and the only output is a service, consisting in delivering either electricity to the grid on demand (power–fuel–power) or a fuel to propel a means of transportation (power–fuel–propulsion); no fossil carbon is used, and no net CO2 release to the atmosphere occurs. Providing the service of storing renewable electricity in chemical fuels obviously results in a loss of primary energy, which differs in the eight cases considered, depending on the chemical nature of the chemical fuel and on the number and efficiency of the individual steps to synthesize them. Power–CCU fuel–power systems exhibit an energy loss from 65% to 86%, whereas the energy loss of power–CCU fuel–propulsion systems increases to 83–94%. The energy loss of the corresponding systems using ammonia as fuel is similar, whereas that obtained when using hydrogen is significantly smaller, namely, 50–65% and 57–69% in the power–fuel–power and the power–fuel–propulsion case, respectively. Compared to hydrogen, the other energy carriers suffer from increased system complexity and consequently lower efficiency. Exergy analysis has shown low efficiency improvement potential for especially the fuel synthesis step, while the other steps in the chain (electrolysis, extraction from air of CO2 or nitrogen, fuel utilization, and associated compression) still exhibit higher improvement potentials.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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110th Anniversary: Evaluation of CO₂-Based and CO₂-Free Synthetic Fuel Systems Using a Net-Zero-CO₂-Emission Framework

Sutter

Spek

Mazzotti

2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Preliminary design of a 100 MW-net ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) power plant study case: Mentawai island, Indonesia

et al. 2019

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Ocean thermal energy conversion is one of the promising renewable energy resources yet relatively unexplored due to its high capital cost for being utilized in commercial scale. In the aim to reduce the capital cost, this paper introduces a concept design of the floating structure from a converted oil tanker ship. To propose the design process, the general principles of designing a converted tanker FPSO is adapted and then modified to deal with ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) characteristic. In the design process, the arrangement of the OTEC layout is carried out by constraint satisfaction method and the prospective floating structure size is varied using Monte Carlo simulation. The variables in the design process consist of the velocities of cold water and warm water transport, the size of the plantship, and the location of the OTEC equipment to the seawater tank. Constraints are introduced as allowable border to determine the acceptability for particular case including the provided space and buoyancy, and the net power output estimation. The results show that the 'typical' size of a Suezmax oil tanker ship is the optimum one for the plantship with the velocity of the water transport of 2-3 m/s. The general arrangement is also conceptualized in this paper.

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Ocean Thermal Energy Converters

Rosa

Ordóñez

2022

Fundamentals of Renewable Energy Processes

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Baseline designs of moored and grazing 40-MW OTEC pilot plants. Volume A. Detailed report

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

110th Anniversary: Evaluation of CO₂-Based and CO₂-Free Synthetic Fuel Systems Using a Net-Zero-CO₂-Emission Framework

110th Anniversary: Evaluation of CO₂-Based and CO₂-Free Synthetic Fuel Systems Using a Net-Zero-CO₂-Emission Framework

Preliminary design of a 100 MW-net ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) power plant study case: Mentawai island, Indonesia

Ocean Thermal Energy Converters

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Baseline designs of moored and grazing 40-MW OTEC pilot plants. Volume A. Detailed report

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

110th Anniversary: Evaluation of CO2-Based and CO2-Free Synthetic Fuel Systems Using a Net-Zero-CO2-Emission Framework

110th Anniversary: Evaluation of CO2-Based and CO2-Free Synthetic Fuel Systems Using a Net-Zero-CO2-Emission Framework

Preliminary design of a 100 MW-net ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) power plant study case: Mentawai island, Indonesia

Ocean Thermal Energy Converters

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

110th Anniversary: Evaluation of CO₂-Based and CO₂-Free Synthetic Fuel Systems Using a Net-Zero-CO₂-Emission Framework

110th Anniversary: Evaluation of CO₂-Based and CO₂-Free Synthetic Fuel Systems Using a Net-Zero-CO₂-Emission Framework