Baseline epidemiology and associated dog ecology study towards stepwise elimination of rabies in Kwara state, Nigeria

Al-Mustapha, Ahmad Ibrahim; Abubakar, Ahmed Tijani; Oyewo, Muftau; Bamidele, F.; Ibrahim, Ahmed; Shuaib, Muhammad Osu; Olugasa, Babasola; Balogun, Muhammad Shakir; Kia, G.S.N.; Mazeri, Stella; Heikinheimo, Annamari

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105295

Cited by 6 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Our findings showed that only 18.7% of all the pupils owned a dog in their household. This is consistent with our earlier finding that showed that only 20.1% of all households in Kwara state-owned a dog [ 17 ]. Furthermore, our findings showed that dog ownership was associated with significantly higher awareness and knowledge levels of canine rabies among pupils under 15 years.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Its control requires multisectoral collaboration, mass dog vaccinations, intensified one-health surveillance, and mass advocacy campaigns, especially in children under 15 years. These four cardinal themes are the crux of the KRRAS [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Kwara Rabies Rapid Alert System (KRRAS) is the first one-health integrated rabies surveillance project that was designed to improve the reporting of dog-bite cases and enhance the diagnosis of rabies across Kwara State. Previously, as part of the KRRAS’s baseline rabies surveillance, we have reported the estimated dog population, demography, and have assessed the public awareness and knowledge of canine rabies [ 17 , 21 ]. However, there is still a paucity of data on the awareness and attitude of pupils towards rabies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perception of canine rabies among pupils under 15 years in Kwara State, North Central Nigeria

et al. 2022

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Rabies is an endemic, highly fatal, and vaccine-preventable disease with severe socio-economic implications. Most (99%) human rabies cases are transmitted through dog bites. Children under 15 years account for 40% of all dog bite victims and 35–50% of all rabies deaths. Rabies awareness among this vulnerable group is critical to rabies prevention. However, there is a paucity of data on rabies awareness among pupils under 15. Hence, this study assessed the awareness and attitude of pupils under 15 years towards canine rabies in Kwara state in Nigeria. The study was conducted as a cross-sectional survey of 1,388 pupils across the state using a structured questionnaire that was administered as a one-on-one interview using the Open Data Kit on Android phones in December 2019. Of the 1388 pupils included in this study, only 21.7% (n = 301) of them were aware of rabies. The mean rabies score was 1.7±0.8 and only 29.2% (n = 88/301) of the pupils had adequate knowledge of canine rabies. The dog ownership rate was 18.7% (n = 259) with an average of 1.93 dogs per household. Approximately 5% (n = 66) of the pupils have been previously bitten by a dog. One-third of the dog bite victims (35%, n = 23/66) were managed and treated at home and only 12% (n = 8/66) were treated in a health facility. The result of the multivariable logistic regression showed that students aged between 13–15 years were more likely (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 0.72–3.01; p < 0.001) to have adequate knowledge of rabies than the younger pupils. Similarly, pupils that have dogs in their households (OR: 2.09; 95%CI: 1.49–2.75; p < 0.001) and those that reside in Kwara South (OR:1.78 95% CI:1.29, 2.44; p < 0.001) were more likely to be aware and have adequate knowledge of canine rabies respectively. Finally, Pupils from non-dog-owning households were more likely (OR:2.2; 95% CI: 1.45, 4.42; p < 0.001) to have been bitten by dogs than those from dog-owning households. The awareness and attitude of pupils under 15 to canine rabies was poor. We advocate the introduction of rabies lessons into the school curriculum in Kwara State to reduce the incidence of dog bites and prevent dog-mediated human rabies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perception of canine rabies among pupils under 15 years in Kwara State, North Central Nigeria

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“…Furthermore, a systematic random sampling of households was conducted to select respondents in each street. In rural communities where there are no organized streets, the polio micro-plan house markings were used as a guide [22,23]. A sampling interval of 5 houses was used for this study.…”

Section: Period and Course Of The Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness and knowledge of canine rabies: A state-wide cross-sectional study in Nigeria

et al. 2021

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Rabies is a highly fatal disease that is endemic in Nigeria. The poor community awareness and knowledge of canine rabies have thwarted the realization of zero deaths from dog mediated human rabies. This study aimed to assess the awareness and knowledge of canine rabies in Kwara state. A total of 1,460 questionnaires were administered to respondents in the three senatorial zones of the state using open data kit (ODK) on mobile phones between September 2019 to January 2020. The rabies awareness rate was 38.1%. The mean knowledge score was 3.78 ± 2.15. Only 10.6% (n = 59/557) of the respondents had satisfactory knowledge of canine rabies. Respondents had poor knowledge of the mode of transmission, symptoms, prevention, and the control measures needed to eliminate canine rabies. Only 20.1% of respondents owned at least a dog. Dog owners were 3.85× (95% CI: 2.89, 5.13; p < 0.01) more likely to be aware of canine rabies and were 1.78× (95% CI: 1.22–2.60; p = 0.003) more likely to have satisfactory knowledge about canine rabies than non-dog owners. Respondents with tertiary education were at least 6.81× (95% CI: 4.24, 10.92; p < 0.01) more likely to be aware of rabies than respondents with no formal education. The findings of this study showed very low awareness and knowledge of canine rabies among residents of Kwara state. Mass sensitization of the populace on the dangers of rabies should be intensified. Such interventions should be targeted at the general public and dog owners.

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“…Estimating vaccination coverage is still a challenge as countries struggle to establish whether they are achieving the 70% required for elimination. Problems reported on coverage estimation included initial dog population estimates being lower than total dogs subsequently vaccinated [25] and counting only owned dogs without including free-roaming animals that are more likely to transmit rabies [50,69]. Likewise, difficulties were reported in how to mark dogs for estimating coverage when conducting ORV [64,65].…”

Section: Outcome 12 Rabies Is Prevented Through Increased and Effective Dog Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human rabies: prospects for elimination

et al. 2021

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Almost half of all countries in the world are effectively free of human deaths from dog-mediated rabies. But the disease still affects people in low- and middle-income countries, especially the rural poor, and children. Successful regional elimination of human rabies is attributable to advances in significant and sustained investment in dog vaccination, post-exposure vaccination and surveillance, illustrated by productive efforts to reduce human rabies in Latin America over the last 35 years. Nonetheless, countries still facing endemic rabies face significant barriers to elimination. Using the 2017 Global Strategic Plan to end human rabies deaths from dog-mediated rabies by 2030 as a reference point and an organizing framework, we assess progress toward global rabies elimination by examining the characteristics of successful regional control efforts and barriers to elimination. Although substantive barriers exist for countries where rabies remains endemic, advances in knowledge, technology, institutions, and economics provide a basis for optimism.

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Baseline epidemiology and associated dog ecology study towards stepwise elimination of rabies in Kwara state, Nigeria

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Perception of canine rabies among pupils under 15 years in Kwara State, North Central Nigeria

Perception of canine rabies among pupils under 15 years in Kwara State, North Central Nigeria

Awareness and knowledge of canine rabies: A state-wide cross-sectional study in Nigeria

Human rabies: prospects for elimination

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