The purpose of this study was to compare in a large series of peripheral T cell lymphoma, as a model of diffuse disease, the prognostic value of baseline total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) measured on 18 F-FDG PET/CT with adaptive thresholding methods with TMTV measured with a fixed 41% SUV max threshold method. Methods: One hundred six patients with peripheral T cell lymphoma, staged with PET/CT, were enrolled from 5 Lymphoma Study Association centers. In this series, TMTV computed with the 41% SUV max threshold is a strong predictor of outcome. On a dedicated workstation, we measured the TMTV with 4 adaptive thresholding methods based on characteristic image parameters: Daisne (Da) modified, based on signal-to-background ratio; Nestle (Ns), based on tumor and background intensities; Fit, including a 3-dimensional geometric model based on spatial resolution (Fit); and Black (Bl), based on mean SUV max . The TMTV values obtained with each adaptive method were compared with those obtained with the 41% SUV max method. Their respective prognostic impacts on outcome prediction were compared using receiver-operatingcharacteristic (ROC) curve analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Results: The median value of TMTV 41% , TMTV Da , TMTV Ns , TMTV Fit , and TMTV Bl were, respectively, 231 cm 3 (range, 5-3,824), 175 cm 3 (range, 8-3,510), 198 cm 3 (range, 3-3,934), 175 cm 3 (range, 8-3,512), and 333 cm 3 (range, 3-5,113). The intraclass correlation coefficients were excellent, from 0.972 to 0.988, for TMTV Da , TMTV Fit , and TMTV Ns , and less good for TMTV Bl (0.856). The mean differences obtained from the Bland-Altman plots were 48.5, 47.2, 19.5, and 2253.3 cm 3 , respectively. Except for Black, there was no significant difference within the methods between the ROC curves (P . 0.4) for progression-free survival and overall survival. Survival curves with the ROC optimal cutoff for each method separated the same groups of low-risk (volume # cutoff) from high-risk patients (volume . cutoff), with similar 2-y progression-free survival (range, 66%-72% vs. 26%-29%; hazard ratio, 3.7-4.1) and 2-y overall survival (79%-83% vs. 50%-53%; hazard ratio, 3.0-3.5). Conclusion: The prognostic value of TMTV remained quite similar whatever the methods, adaptive or 41% SUV max , supporting its use as a strong prognosticator in lymphoma. However, for implementation of TMTV in clinical trials 1 single method easily applicable in a multicentric PET review must be selected and kept all along the trial. PET/ CT with 18 F-FDG has been recognized as the best imaging tool for staging and response assessment in FDG-avid lymphoma. The last International Conference on Malignant Lymphoma recommendations (1) encourage investigating the quantitative analysis of 18 F-FDG PET/CT at staging. In this regard, the measurement of the total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV), which gives an estimation of the total tumor burden, has gained special interest. Indeed, several series have shown that TMTV was predictive of outcome in different lymphoma subtypes: d...