Baseline survey of pesticide and PAH concentrations from Sarasota Bay, Florida, USA

“…To understand the environmental factors that cause prophage induction in the marine environment, we tested the effects environmentally important pollutants had on the ability to induce indigenous lysogenic bacteria. We analyzed several agents that can be found in the marine environment due to their use in the agricultural and shipping industry (Sherblom et al 1995). Using significant increase in viral abundance alone, the PCB mixture and Aroclor 1248 were the most efficient agents (75%) for the induction of lysogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prophage induction of indigenous marine lysogenic bacteria by environmental pollutants

Cochran¹,

Kellogg

Paul

1998

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Lysogenic bacteria may be abundant components of bacterial assemblages in marine waters. The tremendous number of viruses found in estuanne and other eutrophic environments may be the result in part of induction of prophages. Mitomycin C is the inducing agent of choice for prophage induction; however this is not naturally found in the marine environment. We determined the capability of environmentally important pollutants to effect prophage induction in natural populations of marine bacteria. We investigated Aroclor 1248, a PCB mixture, bunker C fuel oil #6, and a pesticide mixture as inducing agents for natural bacterial communities from the Gulf of Mexico. Mitomycin C was also employed as a positive control for induction Induction was determined as a significant increase in viral direct counts compared to control and ranged from 149 to 1336% of the controls. Twothirds of the environments sampled showed prophage induction by one of the methods utilized, with the PCB mixture and Aroclor 1248 giving the highest percent efficiency (75%) of induct~on. This study shows that many environmentally important pollutants may be inducing agents for natural lysogenic viral production in the marine environment.

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“…Compared to the IRL, both Charlotte Harbor and Sarasota Bay are smaller in size with areas approximating 700 km 2 (Pierce et al 2004) and 140 km 2 (Sherblom et al 1995), respectively. In contrast to the IRL, 3 major rivers supply freshwater input to Charlotte Harbor, resulting in a density-dependent, vertically stratified harbor with extreme hypoxic episodes at times (Pierce et al 2004).…”

Section: Sarasota Bay and Charlotte Harbor Ld/lld Prevalence Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Some authors have suggested that environmental parameters such as salinity and water temperature could affect the prevalence of LD/LLD in dolphin populations (Van Bressem et al 2007, 2009 Sherblom et al 1995), respectively. In contrast to the IRL, 3 major rivers supply freshwater input to Charlotte Harbor, resulting in a density-dependent, vertically stratified harbor with extreme hypoxic episodes at times (Pierce et al 2004).…”

Section: Prevalence Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). Anthropogenic contaminants have been suspected to be associated with lacaziosis occurrence (Van Bressem et al 2007, 2009, 2009; however, chemical contamination may not be explaining the observed differences in LD/LLD bottlenose dolphins on the east and west coasts of Florida as contaminant studies found no significant differences in polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polyfluoralkyls (PFAs) (Houde et al 2005(Houde et al , 2006 or mercury (Bryan et al 2007, Stavros et al 2007) between the 2 populations.Some authors have suggested that environmental parameters such as salinity and water temperature could affect the prevalence of LD/LLD in dolphin populations (Van Bressem et al 2007, 2009 Sherblom et al 1995), respectively. In contrast to the IRL, 3 major rivers supply freshwater input to Charlotte Harbor, resulting in a density-dependent, vertically stratified harbor with extreme hypoxic episodes at times (Pierce et al 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Lacaziosis and lacaziosis-like prevalence among wild, common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus from the west coast of Florida, USA

Hart¹,

Rotstein²,

Wells³

et al. 2011

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Lacaziosis (lobomycosis; Lacazia loboi) is a fungal skin disease that naturally occurs only in humans and dolphins. The first reported case of lacaziosis in a bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus occurred in 1970 in Sarasota Bay, Florida, USA, and subsequent photo-ID monitoring of the Sarasota Bay dolphin population has revealed persistence of the disease. The objectives of this study were to estimate lacaziosis prevalence (P) in 2 bottlenose dolphin populations on the west coast of Florida (Sarasota Bay and Charlotte Harbor) and compare disease occurrence to other published estimates of lacaziosis in dolphin populations across the globe. Historic photographic records of dolphins captured and released for health assessment purposes (Sarasota Bay) and photo-ID studies (Charlotte Harbor) were screened for evidence of lesions consistent with lacaziosis. Health assessment data revealed a prevalence of lacaziosis in the Sarasota Bay bottlenose dolphin population between 2 and 3%, and analyses of photo-ID data provided a lacaziosis-like prevalence estimate of 2% for Charlotte Harbor dolphins. With the exception of lacaziosis prevalence estimates for dolphins inhabiting the Indian River Lagoon (P = 0.068; P = 0.12), no statistically significant differences were seen among Sarasota Bay, Charlotte Harbor, and other published estimates. Although lacaziosis is a rare disease among these dolphin populations, studies that assess disease burden among different populations can assist with the surveillance of this zoonotic pathogen. KEY WORDS: Lacaziosis · Lobomycosis · Bottlenose dolphin · Tursiops truncatus · Sarasota Bay · Charlotte HarborResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher Dis Aquat Org 95: [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] 2011 (Kiszka et al. 2009), France (Symmers 1983, and along the Gulf of Mexico coast (Migaki et al. 1971) and Atlantic coast (Caldwell et al. 1975) of the USA. Recently, lacaziosis has been discovered in historically naïve dolphin populations, suggesting an emergence of the disease or possible changes in host susceptibility, ranging patterns, or pathogen ecology (Rotstein et al. 2009).Published estimates of LD and LLD prevalence among different dolphin populations range between 1.6 and 33% (Van Bressem et al. 2007), and methods used to derive these estimates include visual analyses of photographs from photo-ID surveys (Van Bressem et al. 2007), histological analyses of biopsies from capture-release health assessment projects (Reif et al. 2006) and stranding investigations (Durden et al. 2009) (Table 1). Bottlenose dolphin photo-ID and capturerelease health assessment methods have been previously described (Würsig & Jefferson 1990, Wells et al. 2004. Although photo-ID data is not completely sensitive to the detection of lacaziosis (Murdoch et al. 2008) and capture-release projects can be laborious and expensive, if conducted over a sufficient period of time both sampling methods can provide a robust and longitudinal photographic record for individual...

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Baseline survey of pesticide and PAH concentrations from Sarasota Bay, Florida, USA

Cited by 22 publications

References 6 publications

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Prophage induction of indigenous marine lysogenic bacteria by environmental pollutants

Lacaziosis and lacaziosis-like prevalence among wild, common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus from the west coast of Florida, USA

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