Baselines of certain bioavailable and total heavy metal concentrations in Finland

Concentrations of Available Heavy Metals in Mediterranean Agricultural Soils and their Relation with Some Soil Selected Properties: A Case Study in Typical Mediterranean Soils

“…Values beneath the threshold point denote the GBC (0.91, 2.52, 6.33, 7,32, 4.60, 2.53 threshold point of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn, respectively). The resulting GBC ranges were (in mg kg There are only two literature studies on the GBC of available heavy metals in soils-Tarvainen and Kallio [32] in natural soils in Finland, and Ramos-Miras et al [42] in agricultural soils. They both used EDTA for extraction, however, so that it is difficult to compare their results with the present findings, even more so given that they did not analyze the same heavy metals.…”

“…It is widely accepted that the BL and GBC were the best approach to establish the levels of non-contaminated soils 26 Different approaches have been taken to establishing the GBC of trace elements in Mediterranean soils [12,18,[29][30][31]. Most have centered on the total heavy metal content without considering the bioavailability of the different elements involved [32], even though, according to Baldantoni et al [33], bioavailability constitutes the best indicator of the potential impact of these contaminants.…”

Geochemical and statistical approach to evaluate background concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn (case study: Eastern Poland)

“…It enables the qualification of the part of the elements or compounds that natural and one that is a result of human activity. The problem was considered in numerous geochemical investigations, such as Salminen and Tarvainen (1997), Tobias et al (1997), Tarvainen and Kallio (2002), Horckmans et al (2005), Wu et al (2007), Zhang et al (2007) and Appleton et al (2008). The concept of the geochemical background is used universally, but it is often ambiguously defined.…”

Niveles de fondo geoquímico e influencia del marco geológico en las concentraciones edafogeoquímicas de base de suelos seleccionados de Castilla-La Mancha

“…Incluye las concentraciones geogénicas naturales (natural de fondo) y la contribución antropogénica difusa de los suelos (Tarvainen & Kallio, 2002;Cicchella et al, 2005;Frattini et al, 2006y Albanese et al, 2007. Bajo esta perspectiva, los valores encontrados (datos de los horizontes A y B-C de la tabla 2) son, en promedio, similares a los valores de referencia para los suelos de otras zonas de España (Galicia, Andalucía, Madrid, etc.…”