Basic assumptions for forest management and nature conservation from axiological, legal, and economic perspective

Czerepko, Janusz; Marek, Geszprych; Gołos, Piotr

doi:10.1515/ffp-2017-0007

Cited by 2 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The protected areas and objects of protection were gradually designated in SF managed forests throughout the whole period under the study (Table 3), however, only in the democracy era, the spectrum of foresters' activities in this respect was considerably broadened. Since 1998, the nature conservation program comprising information about the protected areas and objects has been a mandatory part of the forest management plan for each forest district [21,26]. Additionally, in many SF units, there were carried out trainings on nature conservation (with special emphasis put on Natura 2000 [76]).…”

Section: Dynamics Of Change Of Protected Forest Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As in other European countries, in Poland, there has been observed the socalled paradigm shift in nature protection [77]. Consequently, there prevails the preference of Polish society for socio-cultural and ecological functions of public forests as well as assurance of favorable conditions for well-being of forest ecosystems and species [26,78].…”

Section: Dynamics Of Change Of Protected Forest Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decrease of the average growth of the resources with time is caused by the increase of the share of older stands with lower growth rate (based on [36]). Thus, as can be seen, timber resources in SF have grown regardless of increasing timber harvesting, which is due to large-scale post-war afforestation (Section 3.1) and the aforementioned rational harvesting [18,26]. This results from the fact that in the socialism era an average of 62.8% of annual increment was harvested (based on [19]), while in the democracy era an average of 60.3% was harvested (based on [30]).…”

Section: Harvesting Intensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Setting out conservation rules and allocation of responsibilities for protected areas designated in state-owned forests managed by SF have been a part of a complex process carried out under the conditions of duties dispersed among various external entities [56]. Another challenge which SF administration has to face concerns approaches taken and communication, for example during development of management plans for Natura 2000 sites The approach assumed by foresters is hardly ever accepted by environmental NGOs, who as a rule demand robust protection of discussed Natura 2000 sites [77], regardless of the fact that, by definition, contemporary nature protection must take into consideration not only ecological dimension, but also those economic and social as well as regional and local circumstances [26].…”

Section: Issues and Directions Of The Protection Of Forest Landscape In Polandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The beginning of 21st century brought further political changes in Poland-the accession to the European Union (EU) in 2004, preceded, among others, by comprehensive works concerning the implementation of the Habitats and the Birds Directives. Both directives have played a fundamental role in the enforcement of nature conservation in national forests [26]. In the context of the present study, ratification (2003) of the Aarhus Convention [27] was of great importance, as then Poland's society was provided for tools to impose demands for forest management with the use of ecological solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Forestry Transformation on the Landscape Level of Biodiversity in Poland’s Forests

Referowska-Chodak

Kornatowska

2021

Forests

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At all times, historical, political, economic, and social factors have affected the management of forests, with direct and indirect effects on the landscape. This study aimed to trace the impact of Poland’s forestry evolution over the last 75 years (1945–2020) on forest biodiversity at the landscape level. Five indicators were selected (forest area, forest fragmentation, protected forests, protective forests, harvesting intensity) to identify directions and dynamics of changes of the forest landscape and their determinants and repercussions. In addition, there were determined forest landscapes threats and recommendations for further action and intervention were formulated. The study period embraced two eras of widely divergent political-economic conditions in Poland (socialism and democracy). In the socialism era (1945–1989), there promptly increased total forest cover, wood resources (total growing stock) and the total area of protective forests (essential for safeguarding biodiversity, including the landscape level). In the era of democracy (1990–2020), average growing stock density increased intensely, and at the same time, a greater emphasis was put on reducing forest fragmentation and clear-cut logging. The results obtained showed equal average increase in the area of protected forests in both eras under the study (most intense at their crossing point). In view of the protection of biodiversity at the forest landscape level, the changes throughout the study period were considered positive, although not without problems and challenging consequences for foresters. The determined pressures to the forest landscapes, requiring legal, political, or financial solutions, include a risk of alteration of the ownership structure of Poland’s forests or possibility of operational changes in the State Forests National Forest Holding; outdated forest policies; organizational difficulties in the forest landscape protection; insufficient conservation funding; uneven distribution and further fragmentation of forests; and—last but not least—climate change impacts, including extreme weather events and droughts.

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Section: Dynamics Of Change Of Protected Forest Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dynamics Of Change Of Protected Forest Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Harvesting Intensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Issues and Directions Of The Protection Of Forest Landscape In Polandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Forestry Transformation on the Landscape Level of Biodiversity in Poland’s Forests

Referowska-Chodak

Kornatowska

2021

Forests

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Effects of Forestry Transformation on the Ecosystem Level of Biodiversity in Poland’s Forests

Referowska-Chodak,

Kornatowska

2023

Forests

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This paper presents the results of an analysis of the effects of Poland’s forest management evolution over the last 75 years on forest biodiversity at the ecosystem level. Forest biodiversity changes in the two politically and economically different eras (socialism and democracy) are interpreted based on four indicators used in assessments of forest stands (naturalness; habitat diversity; forest management system; forest stand age structure). In the era of socialism (1945–1989), there were dynamic increases in the area of semi-natural forests as well as in the proportion of the most fertile habitats, whilst the proportion of the poorest habitats decreased quite dynamically. Then, the clearcutting management system was regularly implemented, with adverse impacts on forest spatial structure diversity. The proportion of old/mature tree stands and the stand average age increased at relatively slow rates. In the era of democracy (1990–2020), there were comparatively more dynamic increases observed in the area of forests undisturbed by man, as well as in the proportions of mixed broadleaved and wetland forest habitats. At the same time, the proportion of old/mature stands and stand average age kept increasing at relatively fast rates. The area of forests managed with the use of the shelterwood system increased and the area of forest plantations substantially decreased. On the other hand, irrespective of the era under study, there occurred a noticeable not-so-favourable decreasing trend in the proportion of the youngest forest stands. All in all, during the analysed period of more than seven decades, the evolution of forest management practice implemented in Poland’s forests by State Forests National Forest Holding led to the restoration of/an increase in biodiversity at the ecosystem level. Yet, there have remained unsolved issues, as regards the following aspects: organisational (the assurance of further reconstruction of forest stands, and the restoration of water profiles), political (a lack of up-to-date national forest policy), and financial (the costs of protecting/restoring biodiversity vs. State Forests’ self-financing), as well as conceptual (old-growth stands in managed forests, and controversy over clearcutting) and natural/anthropogenic (climate change, and the eutrophication of forest habitats) issues. The solutions may require measures outside the limits of Poland’s forestry, if not far beyond national borders.

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Basic assumptions for forest management and nature conservation from axiological, legal, and economic perspective

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Forestry Transformation on the Landscape Level of Biodiversity in Poland’s Forests

Effects of Forestry Transformation on the Landscape Level of Biodiversity in Poland’s Forests

Effects of Forestry Transformation on the Ecosystem Level of Biodiversity in Poland’s Forests

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