Basic Biology of Astrocytes

Pant, Pallavi; Seth, Pankaj

doi:10.1007/978-981-16-8313-8_2

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…These are star-shaped, plentiful, and versatile cells that facilitate synaptogenesis, synaptic connectivity, signaling, and anatomical neural support. They contribute to neuronal protection and survival, and they also regulate and maintain nutrient entry, metabolism, energy homeostasis, electrolytes, cytokines, and neurotransmitter production within the brain [ 40 , 41 ]. As part of the neurovascular unit, they form vascular processes known as end feet.…”

Section: Astrocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Diabetic Microenvironment on Neurodegeneration: Special Focus on Neurological Cells

Chavda,

Yadav,

Patel

et al. 2024

Brain Sciences

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Diabetes is a chronic metabolic condition associated with high levels of blood glucose which leads to serious damage to the heart, kidney, eyes, and nerves. Elevated blood glucose levels damage brain function and cognitive abilities. They also lead to various neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, including chronic neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. High neuronal glucose levels can cause drastic neuronal damage due to glucose neurotoxicity. Astrocytes, a type of glial cell, play a vital role in maintaining brain glucose levels through neuron–astrocyte coupling. Hyperglycemia leads to progressive decline in neuronal networks and cognitive impairment, contributing to neuronal dysfunction and fostering a neurodegenerative environment. In this review, we summarize the various connections, functions, and impairments of glial cells due to metabolic dysfunction in the diabetic brain. We also summarize the effects of hyperglycemia on various neuronal functions in the diabetic brain.

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Section: Astrocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%