Basic Cardiac Life Support: 2016 Singapore Guidelines

Abstract

Basic Cardiac Life Support (BCLS) or cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) refers to the skills required (without use of equipment) in the resuscitation of cardiac arrest individuals. On recognising cardiac arrest, chest compressions should be initiated. Good quality compressions are with arms extended, elbows locked, shoulders directly over the casualty's chest and heel of the palm on the lower half of the sternum. The rescuer pushes hard and fast, compressing 4-6 cm deep for adults at 100-120 compressions per minute with complete chest recoil. Two quick mouth-to-mouth ventilations (each 400-600 mL tidal volume) should be delivered after every 30 chest compressions. Chest compression-only CPR is recommended for lay rescuers, dispatcher-assisted CPR and those unable or unwilling to give ventilations. CPR should be stopped when the casualty wakes up, an emergency team takes over casualty care or if an automated external defibrillator prompts for analysis of heart rhythm or delivery of shock.

Knowledge and Attitude of Dental Students and Staffs towards Basic life Support(BLS)

“…A study by Gonzaga et al 9 found that 86% of the interviewed dentists had received information about CPR; however most of them had not received practical training for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In recent years several publications have highlighted the deficiencies in CPR quality, both out of hospital and in hospital, which have partly been addressed in the newest BLS guidlines 9,10. CPR is controlled by guidelines developed by certain associations such as American heart association 11 and some other associations in Europe 12 Singapore 13 Australia, and New Zealand.…”

Guidelines for Bystander First Aid 2016

“…This is addressed in Lim et al's Basic Cardiac Life Support: 2016 Singapore Guidelines. (35) An unresponsive casualty who is breathing normally should be positioned in a lateral, side-lying recovery position as opposed to the supine position. This position involves extending one of the arms of the person above the head and rolling the body to the side so that the person's head rests on the extended arm.…”

The National Resuscitation Council, Singapore, and 34 years of resuscitation training: 1983 to 2017

“…The fi rst of these guidelines was published in 2001, (6)(7)(8) Treatment Recommendations (CoSTR) was followed by the release of the 2006 Singapore Resuscitation Guidelines. (9) The fi rst full set of national resuscitation guidelines (10)(11)(12)(13) for the country was published in 2011, after the release of the ILCOR 2010 CoSTR documents. In addition to national resuscitation guidelines, the NRC has also released guidelines and position statements on special areas of concern, especially on compression-only CPR (14) and CPR+AED facility management programmes.…”