Basic Elements of Toxicology

Ballantyne, Bryan; Marrs, Timothy C.; Syversen, Tore

doi:10.1002/9780470744307.gat001

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 208 publications

(177 reference statements)

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“…According to the toxicity classification by Ballantyne et al ( 15 ), umbelliprenin showed potentially toxic effects against the HT29, CT26, MCF-7, 4T1, A172, and GL26 cancer cell lines at all three incubation times. As depicted in Figure 1 , umbelliprenin inhibited expansion of these cells in a concentration-dependent manner.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Umbelliprenin is Potentially Toxic Against the HT29, CT26, MCF-7, 4T1, A172, and GL26 Cell Lines, Potentially Harmful Against Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells, and Non-Toxic Against Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Rashidi

Ziai

Zanjani

et al. 2016

Iran Red Crescent Med J

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BackgroundResistance to chemotherapy is a growing concern, thus natural anticancer agents are drawing the attention of many scientists and clinicians. One natural anticancer agent, umbelliprenin, is a coumarin produced by many species of Ferula.ObjectivesWe aimed to examine the inhibitory effect of umbelliprenin on human and mouse bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMDSCs), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and different cancer cell lines.Materials and MethodsIn this in vitro experimental study, the HT29, CT26, MCF-7, 4T1, A172, and GL26 cancer cells and human and mouse BMDSCs and PBMCs were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), incubated at 37°C for 24 hours in a 5% CO2 atmosphere, and then were treated with different concentrations of umbelliprenin dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (3, 6, 12, 25, 50, 100, and 200 µg/mL) for 24, 48, and 72 hours at 37°C. Each experiment was performed in triplicate. Finally, the cell survival rate was assessed by MTT assay. The IC50 values were calculated based on the log values using GraphPad Prism version 5 software for windows (La Jolla CA, USA) and were expressed as mean ± SEM.ResultsUmbelliprenin inhibited the cancer cells in a concentration-dependent (P < 0.05) but not time-dependent manner (P > 0.05). The most sensitive and resistant cell lines at the 24-hour incubation time were 4T1 (IC50, 30.9 ± 3.1 µg/mL) and A172 (IC50, 51.9 ± 6.7 µg/mL); at the 48-hour incubation time: 4T1 (IC50, 30.6 ± 2.6 µg/mL) and CT26 (IC50, 53.2 ± 3.6 µg/mL); and at the 72-hour incubation time: HT29 (IC50, 37.1 ± 1.4 µg/mL) and 4T1 (IC50, 62.2 ± 4.8 µg/mL). Both human and mouse BMDSCs showed the highest resistance at the 24-hour incubation time (IC50s, 254.7 ± 21 and 204.4 ± 4.5 µg/mL, respectively) and the highest sensitivity at the 72-hour incubation time (IC50s, 120.4 ± 5 and 159.0 ± 7.3 µg/mL, respectively). The PBMCs of both human and mouse origin revealed very strong resistance to the studied concentrations of umbelliprenin (IC50s ranging from 713.5 ± 499.1 to 6651 ± 3670.7 µg/mL).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that umbelliprenin exhibits concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on various cell types; it is potentially toxic against the HT29, CT26, MCF-7, 4T1, A172, and GL26 cell lines, potentially harmful against BMDSCs, and non-toxic against PBMCs. Therefore, if our results are approved in the future, umbelliprenin can be an appropriate candidate for developing treatments against different cancers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Umbelliprenin is Potentially Toxic Against the HT29, CT26, MCF-7, 4T1, A172, and GL26 Cell Lines, Potentially Harmful Against Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells, and Non-Toxic Against Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Rashidi

Ziai

Zanjani

et al. 2016

Iran Red Crescent Med J

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“…Toxicity test results were analyzed by the LC 50 computer program (Trimmed Spearman-Karber Method, Version 1.5) so as to calculate LC 50 values and 95% confidence intervals [31] ( Table 3). After evaluating MIC and LC 50 values of the compounds (5a-5i) together, the 5a, 5c, and 5d (LC 50 > 1000 mg/mL) were determined as non-toxic.…”

Section: Microbiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity of a New Combination System of Benzimidazole and Various Azoles

Özkay

Tunalı

Karaca

et al. 2011

Archiv der Pharmazie

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In the present study a new series of benzimidazole derivatives bearing various (benz)azolylthio moieties were synthesized so as to investigate their antimicrobial activity. Structures of the target compounds (5a-5i) were confirmed by their IR, (1) H-NMR, ES-MS spectral data, and elemental analyses. The synthesized compounds (5a-5i) exhibited poor activity against bacterial strains. On the other hand, antifungal activity of the compounds against Candida species was very significant. Brine-Shrimp lethality assay was performed for determination of toxicity of the compounds. Compounds 5a, 5c, and 5d were evaluated as non-toxic in addition to their attractive antifungal activity. However, the other compounds (5b, e-i) in the series showed toxicity to different extents.

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“…The fundamental purpose of toxicological evaluation is to uncover substances that possess properties, rendering them a potential hazard to human health. 1 However, the identification of such substances is often meaningless unless the strength of that hazard, often termed potency, is also characterized. With respect to the toxicological hazard known as skin sensitization, the simple identification of hazard has been ensured for many decades, and the key details were well documented.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fragrances Categorized According to Relative Human Skin Sensitization Potency

Api

Parakhia

O’Brien³

et al. 2017

Dermatitis

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BackgroundThe development of non-animal alternatives for skin sensitization potency prediction is dependent upon the availability of a sufficient dataset whose human potency is well characterized. Previously, establishment of basic categorization criteria for 6 defined potency categories, allowed 131 substances to be allocated into them entirely on the basis of human information.ObjectivesTo supplement the original dataset with an extended range of fragrance substances.MethodsA more fully described version of the original criteria was used to assess 89 fragrance chemicals, allowing their allocation into one of the 6 potency categories.ResultsNone of the fragrance substances were assigned to the most potent group, category 1, whereas 11 were category 2, 22 were category 3, 37 were category 4, and 19 were category 5. Although none were identified as non-sensitizing, note that substances in category 5 also do not pass the threshold for regulatory classification.ConclusionsThe combined datasets of >200 substances placed into potency categories solely on the basis of human data provides an essential resource for the elaboration and evaluation of predictive non-animal methods.

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Basic Elements of Toxicology

Cited by 15 publications

References 208 publications

Umbelliprenin is Potentially Toxic Against the HT29, CT26, MCF-7, 4T1, A172, and GL26 Cell Lines, Potentially Harmful Against Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells, and Non-Toxic Against Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Umbelliprenin is Potentially Toxic Against the HT29, CT26, MCF-7, 4T1, A172, and GL26 Cell Lines, Potentially Harmful Against Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells, and Non-Toxic Against Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Antimicrobial Activity of a New Combination System of Benzimidazole and Various Azoles

Fragrances Categorized According to Relative Human Skin Sensitization Potency

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