Basic Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in Peru: A Prevalence Study of Tuberculin Sensitivity in a Pueblo Joven

Getchell, William S.; Davis, Charles E.; Gilman, J B; Urueta, Guillermo; Ruiz-Huidobro, Ernesto; Gilman, Robert H.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1992.47.721

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Sample size for the study was calculated for each of the age-strata based on the pre-specified hypotheses regarding the magnitude of the variation of the prevalence of TST positivity since 1990. Specifically, for the age group of 5-14 years, we hypothesized a reduction in the prevalence of TST positivity by at least half (from 23% to 12%), 13 at least 25% for the other two age groups (15-24 and 25 years). 13 These hypotheses are based on improvements in several risk factors for TB in Peru, including decreasing rates of diagnosed TB disease, and probable decreases in poverty, malnutrition, and crowding.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, for the age group of 5-14 years, we hypothesized a reduction in the prevalence of TST positivity by at least half (from 23% to 12%), 13 at least 25% for the other two age groups (15-24 and 25 years). 13 These hypotheses are based on improvements in several risk factors for TB in Peru, including decreasing rates of diagnosed TB disease, and probable decreases in poverty, malnutrition, and crowding. All sample size calculations considered a significance level of 0.05, and a power of 0.8.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,13 To address this knowledge gap concerning changes in latent TB infection associated with apparent reductions in TB disease rates we completed a cross-sectional study in periurban shantytowns in Lima, Peru, determining the prevalence of TST positivity. We then compared our results to two previous cross-sectional studies in the years 1990 13 and 2005 11 in the same study location.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This dose is one-fifth of the recommended dose for immunization, and was the same as the 1992 study but half the dose used in the 2005 study. 11,13 To prevent observer bias, all syringes were identical except for color-coded stickers and field workers were blinded as to the content of the syringes and which antigen and where the antigen was injected. The color code was assigned daily by a study investigator, who pre-loaded the 25-guage syringes and stored them at 4 C until use.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 Furthermore, for additional comparisons with previous reports, we divided less reactive TST results ( 10 mm), into negative (0-4 mm induration) and borderline (5-9 mm induration). 2,11,13 Ethical approval. This study received ethical approval by Institutional Review Board committees of Tulane University, New Orleans, LA and AB PRISMA, Lima, Peru.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Changes in Tuberculin Skin Test Positivity Over 20 Years in Periurban Shantytowns in Lima, Peru

Martínez

Arman

Haveman

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract.A cross-sectional, community-based study was performed in 2012 with 428 residents of periurban shantytowns in Lima, Peru to study risk factors for and changes in latent tuberculosis infection in age-stratified groups compared with our data from the same region in 1990 (N = 219) and 2005 (N = 103). Tuberculin skin test positivity in these communities was highly prevalent at 52% overall, increased with age (P 0.01) and was similar to 2005 (53%) and 1990 (48%). From 1990 to 2012, the prevalence of tuberculin positivity decreased in 5-14 and 15-24 year old groups (to 17% and 34%, respectively, both P 0.05). However, this may be explained by cessation of Bacille Calmette-Guérin revaccination during this period, because Bacille Calmette-Guérin revaccination doubled tuberculin positivity. Over the same 22-year period, tuberculin positivity in the 25 year old group remained high (71%, P = 0.3), suggesting that prevalent latent tuberculosis infection persists in the adult population despite improving medical care and socioeconomic development in this region.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in Tuberculin Skin Test Positivity Over 20 Years in Periurban Shantytowns in Lima, Peru

Martínez

Arman

Haveman

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Tuberculosis in Childhood and Pregnancy

Reddy

Moore

Gilman

2009

Maternal and Child Health

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Polymerase Chain Reaction targeting insertion sequence IS6110 for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis among Sudanese children and young adults

Osman¹,

Saeed

Elhassan

2014

International Journal of Mycobacteriology

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This study was carried out in Khartoum State during the period from January 2011 to December 2013 to improve the rate of detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in children with symptoms of tuberculosis (TB) infection using different conventional and advanced diagnostic techniques. One hundred and ninety-seven specimens of gastric lavage and sputum were collected from different hospitals in Khartoum State, including Elbolok Hospital, Jafar Ibn Owf Hospital, Elasha'ab Teaching Hospital, Soba University Hospital and Academy Charity Hospital. All children participating in the study were subjected to the Mantoux test after obtaining appropriate consent injected by 5 tuberculin units of tuberculin purified protein derivative, and the results were recorded after three days. Specimens were decontaminated and inoculated on Lowenstein-Jensen media according to the modified Petroff's method. Two smears were prepared and stained by Ziehl-Neelsen stain and Auramine fluorescent dye; bacterial DNA was extracted from each specimen by using phenol chloroform method, and then the Polymerase Chain Reaction technique was adopted to detect Insertion Sequence IS6110 gene of MTB in these specimens. This study showed that the positive results for TST, ZN, Auramine, Culture and PCR were 86 (43.7%), 16 (8.1%), 22 (11.2%), 32 (16.2%) and 35(17.8%), respectively. The study concluded that the PCR technique is the most sensitive and specific technique for a quick identification of MTB in gastric lavage and sputum from children who are unable to expectorate a good quality sputum sample or who are diagnosed as negative using conventional diagnostic methods.

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Basic Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in Peru: A Prevalence Study of Tuberculin Sensitivity in a Pueblo Joven

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Changes in Tuberculin Skin Test Positivity Over 20 Years in Periurban Shantytowns in Lima, Peru

Changes in Tuberculin Skin Test Positivity Over 20 Years in Periurban Shantytowns in Lima, Peru

Tuberculosis in Childhood and Pregnancy

Polymerase Chain Reaction targeting insertion sequence IS6110 for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis among Sudanese children and young adults

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