Basic geochemical characteristics of lacustrine rocks in the Neogene Kağızman–Tuzluca Basin, Northeastern Turkey

Abstract

The Neogene Kağızman-Tuzluca Basin is located in the NE Anatolia and extends eastward into Armenia Oktemberian Basin. The Halıkışlak (Late Oligocene), Turabi and Tuzluca formations (Lower-Middle Miocene) are time equivalents of the organic-rich Oligo-Miocene Maikop Series in the Caspian region. However, depositional conditions within the KBT are appreciably different and source rocks are not as richer as it. The Halıkışlak Formation has little source rock potentials, with very low values of TOC (0.04-0.25%), HI (14-90 mg HC/TOC) and genetic potential-GP (i.e. Rock-Eval S 1 + S 2 = 0.05 to 0.22 mg HC/g rock). Although a peat facies sample has a relatively high TOC (6.78%), T max of 428 °C, HI values are very low (45 mg HC/TOC). TOC and GP values for the Tuzluca Formation are between 0.06 and 0.39 wt%, and 0.16-1.51 mg HC/g rock, respectively. Some levels of the Turabi Formation have TOC contents up to 6.14 wt%; however, mainly T max values are low 435 °C, and HI range from 25 to 54 mg HC/TOC. The extract of one low-maturity Turabi sample possesses biomarker distributions of an immature rock. Low relative abundance of tricyclic terpane and dominant C29 ααα (20R) are in accordance with the immature source rock. Some samples collected from the outcrops nearby Pliocene/Pleistocene lava series show localized maturation stage. We suggest that the Oligocene to Middle Miocene units could be more studied beneath the volcanic plateau.

Organic geochemistry of the middle Paleozoic Ora Formation in Iraq: Implications for source rock assessment and hydrocarbon potentiality

“…In the current study samples, the elevated C 27 value ( Table 5 ) signifies a substantial contribution of marine algal organic matter ( Fig. 18 and Table 5 ) [ [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] ].

Fig.

…”

Distribution of Steranes and Triterpanes Biomarkersas Indication of Depositional Environment and Maturity of Sargelu and Kurrachine Formations in Different Wells Northern Iraq

“…The result revealed the high value of C27 and C29 with low value of C28, this result reflects the effect of origin of organic input within a depositional environment which refer to algal rich organic matter like brown-green algae and no more land origin input (Fig. 2) with the anoxic environment (Pan et al 2008;Kara-Gülbay and Korkmaz, 2012;El-Sabagh et al 2018;and Ayyildiz et al 2019). Steranes consist of six subunits of isoprene, which are tetracyclic saturated biomarkers.…”

Tuzluca (Iğdir-Türki̇ye) Çevresi̇nde Yüzeylenen Mi̇yosen Yaşli Kayaçlarin Mi̇neraloji̇k Ve Jeoki̇myasal Özelli̇kleri̇

“…Most of the lacustrine basins in Türkiye were formed during the Paleogene and the Neogene periods [1][2][3][4][5]. The Neogene Kağızman-Tuzluca Basin (KTB) is one of the main Cenozoic basins located on the Eastern Anatolian Plateau (Figure 2).…”