The increasing group of people with long-term physical disabilities presents a challenge for professionals in the fields of medicine, education as well as public policy. Social functioning, understood as a form of activity, is a priority in the rehabilitation of this group of people, and a prerequisite for this is perceived autonomy. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between the sense of autonomy and the differentiation of the Self, taking into account the moderating role of the declared gender of the respondents. The research was carried out using the diagnostic survey method on a group of 278 people with physical disabilities. The r-Pearson test and moderation analysis were used to examine the relationship between variables, and for this purpose the macro PROCESS for SPSS was used. As the data shows, gender significantly moderates the relationship between differentiation of Self and perceived autonomy and participation in social life, hence there is a need for practical support solutions taking into account the specific needs of both men and women with physical disabilities. It is also important to note that the research presented is one of the few to explore the issue of differentiation in the Self and sense of autonomy of people with long-term disabilities.