Basic mathematical model of overlimiting transfer enhanced by electroconvection in flow-through electrodialysis membrane cells

Experimental Verification of Overlimiting Current by Surface Conduction and Electro-Osmotic Flow in Microchannels

“…Noticeable progress has been made in understanding electroconvection during ion concentration polarization (ICP) due to electro-osmotic flows near the membrane or nanochannel interface driving salt depletion [5,[7][8][9][10]. Due to the complexity of direct numerical simulation of the Poisson equation (for electric potential), Nernst-Planck equations (for ion concentrations), and Navier-Stokes equations (for fluid flows) in multidimensional geometries [9,11,12], as well as inherent limitations of the classical dilute solution model [13], it is crucial to directly observe particle motions and flow fields in precisely controlled micro-or nanofluidic geometries [14,15].…”

Mathematical Model of Ion Transport Through the Interface: The Ion Exchange Membrane / Strong Electrolyte

“…Этот интерес имеет предшествующую историю ис-следований по запредельному функционированию мембранных систем, когда плотность протекающего тока выше предельной (i lim ). Исследования последних лет [1][2][3][4][5] показали перспективность применения интенсивных 3 токовых режимов, использование которых позволяет уменьшить диффузи-онные ограничения транспорта за счёт развития электроконвекции. Пре-вышение предельного тока над диффузионным предельным током (i lim ) в системах приводит к нескольким качественно новым явлениям.…”

The cost effectiveness of electrodialysis for diverse salinity applications

“…High diluate resistance results in elevated energy consumption for brackish desalination, particularly due to the dominance of solution resistances over membrane resistances. Indeed, the challenges posed by a low diluate salinity are largely responsible for the development of narrow membrane channels [12], ion-conductive spacers within diluate channels (electrodeionisation) [13,14], hybrid designs combining ED with reverse osmosis [15][16][17], and theories to understand and possibly extend the operation of ED into the overlimiting current region [18]. With a large salinity difference between diluate and concentrate salinity, back diffusion of salt and water transport by osmosis degrade performance.…”