Basic parameters of the electrode process of aluminium deposition from tetrahydrofuran solutions I. Exchange current density

Due to an ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity of 3860 mAh g−1, lithium (Li) is regarded as the ultimate anode for high‐energy‐density batteries. However, the practical application of Li metal anode is hindered by safety concerns and low Coulombic efficiency both of which are resulted fromunavoidable dendrite growth during electrodeposition. This study focuses on a critical parameter for electrodeposition, the exchange current density, which has attracted only little attention in research on Li metal batteries. A phase‐field model is presented to show the effect of exchange current density on electrodeposition behavior of Li. The results show that a uniform distribution of cathodic current density, hence uniform electrodeposition, on electrode is obtained with lower exchange current density. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that lower exchange current density contributes to form a larger critical radius of nucleation in the initial electrocrystallization that results in a dense deposition of Li, which is a foundation for improved Coulombic efficiency and dendrite‐free morphology. The findings not only pave the way to practical rechargeable Li metal batteries but can also be translated to the design of stable metal anodes, e.g., for sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), and zinc (Zn) batteries.

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“…Because of a high polarization of the electrode surface in LMBs, i.e., large η , the second term in Equation (),

\exp (- \frac{β F}{R T} η)

, can be neglected resulting in [ 38 ]

j \approx j^{0} \frac{C_{normalL i^{+}}^{s}}{C_{normalL i^{+}}^{b}} \exp (\frac{α F}{R T} η)

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into the Critical Role of Exchange Current Density on Electrodeposition Behavior of Lithium Metal

et al. 2021

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“…However, it is well known that metallic Al cannot be electrodeposited from commonly-used aqueous solutions, and hence a number of non-aqueous media including aromatic hydrocarbons, 4 etheric solvents 4 and inorganic molten salts 5 have been studied to date. However, they have some drawbacks such as combustibility, high vapor pressure and dendritic growth of deposit.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electrodeposition of Bright Al-Zr Alloy Coatings from Dimethylsulfone-Based Baths

Shiomi

Miyake

Hirato

2012

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Electrodeposition of Al coatings from dimethylsulfone (DMSO2)-AlCl3 baths with the addition of ZrCl4 was studied. Although pure Al coatings electrodeposited from the bath without ZrCl4 are lusterless, bright and smooth coatings were obtained when the ZrCl4 content in the baths was 0.005-0.015 mol per 10 mol DMSO2. The Zr content in the coatings varied up to 3.5 at% in proportion to the ZrCl4 content in the baths. The bright Al-Zr alloy coating showed high reflectance of 50-80% in the wavelength range of 450-1000 nm, whereas that of the matte pure Al coating was 10-20%. Morphological observations confirmed a reduction in the grain size of Al and surface leveling caused by the addition of ZrCl4 to the baths. Moreover, a strong <100> preferential orientation of Al crystals was observed for the bright coatings. The bright coating containing ~3.5 at% Zr had a higher corrosion potential by 0.1 V than the pure Al coating.

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“…Instead, nonaqueous electrolytes such as molten salts, [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] ionic liquids, [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] and organic solvents [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] are used for Al electroplating. In recent years, diglyme and urea electrolyte solutions have also been studied.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Further, the processing temperature must be increased to form a film at high speed and high current density. Finally, using organic solvent systems such as toluene, benzene, and tetrahydrofuran as electrolyte solutions [23][24][25] is inconvenient owing to their toxicity and flammability. In this context, the organic solvent dimethyl sulfone (DMSO 2 ) constitutes a safer alternative because it is harmless to the human body (in fact, it is used in food additives).…”

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confidence: 99%

Chronopotentiometric Analysis of the Anode Dissolution Process in Dimethyl Sulfone–Aluminum Chloride Electrolytic Solution

Matsuda

Okamoto²,

Akahoshi

et al. 2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Toward the commercialization of aluminum electrodeposition, unveiling the anode dissolution process in a sustainable electrolyte is essential. Herein, to gain more insight into the anode dissolution process in dimethyl sulfone (DMSO2)–aluminum chloride (AlCl3) electrolyte solution, we performed chronopotentiometry measurements using Pt disk electrodes. In this system, the anode dissolution reaction exhibits two-wave behavior with a positive potential shift of +1.0 V. The Coulombic efficiency, reaction potential, and multiple reverse chronopotentiometry measurements show that the second-stage anode dissolution reaction is a three-electron-transfer process from Al0 and AlCl4− to Al2Cl7−. The transition of the anode dissolution reaction from the first to the second-stage occurs because Al (DMSO2)33+ is not stably formed owing to DMSO2 depletion near the electrode during the anode dissolution reaction.

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Basic parameters of the electrode process of aluminium deposition from tetrahydrofuran solutions I. Exchange current density

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Insight into the Critical Role of Exchange Current Density on Electrodeposition Behavior of Lithium Metal

Insight into the Critical Role of Exchange Current Density on Electrodeposition Behavior of Lithium Metal

Electrodeposition of Bright Al-Zr Alloy Coatings from Dimethylsulfone-Based Baths

Chronopotentiometric Analysis of the Anode Dissolution Process in Dimethyl Sulfone–Aluminum Chloride Electrolytic Solution

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