Basic Principles of Microwave Communication

Mao, Ziyu

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1885/2/022062

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Also normalized linear functional S(R, M) was considered. These spaces (hereinafter functional spaces) allow to investigate scalar and vector magnitudes, continuous functions and number sequences from the same approach [11,12].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Skin effect is an important phenomenon which should be taken into account when designing microwave electronic and radiophotonic devices [1][2][3], monolithic integrated circuits (MIC, RMICradiophotonic MIC) based on them [4][5][6], as well as various high-current microwave devices [7,8]. In major cases, modern microwave devices, MICs, and RMICs have planar or another type of layout design [9][10][11] while the basic theoretical instrument for skin effect description is relatively well established only for homogeneous conductors with round section [12]. The growing interest in skin effect description for microwave applications with planar or another type of layout design with sophisticated developed internal substructure is explained by the complexity of this process [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conversion of the anomalous skin effect to the normal one in thin-film metallic microwave systems

Torkhov¹,

Бабак²,

Budnyaev³

et al. 2022

Phys. Scr.

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The main morphology parameters of microstrip Au/i-GaAs coplanar microwave transmission lines (CTL) with length lW influenced on its skin depth resistance R wide of δ and inductivity L are defined at frequencies f > 10 GHz. Due to the sizes of Au grains formed CTL dx < 130 nm, surface roughness h ≥ 400 nm and fractal character of its lateral distribution in CTL plane, the features in electron scattering processes arise and lead to the formation of significant size effects in local approximation. Necessary condition lball < dx << δ for transition from anomalous skin effect to normal skin effect start up owing to limited grain size dx << δ. Moreover, in local approximation nonlinear dependence of R from lW is provided by fractal geometry of relief and grain lateral distribution. Nonlinear dependence of L from lW is provided by not only fractal features of CTL two-dimensional surface but fractal features of three-dimensional Au grain distribution over skin depth wide.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of the anomalous skin effect to the normal one in thin-film metallic microwave systems

Torkhov¹,

Бабак²,

Budnyaev³

et al. 2022

Phys. Scr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This system uses mobile gravity monitoring to predict earthquakes, and has been successful in detecting abnormalities in gravity prior to several significant earthquakes. [36]. Gravity monitoring and prediction are foundational for earthquake prevention and disaster reduction efforts.…”

Section: Seismic Monitoring Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting the Unseen: Understanding the Mechanisms and Working Principles of Earthquake Sensors

Tian¹,

Liu²,

Mo³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The application of movement-detection sensors is crucial for understanding surface movement and tectonic activities. The development of modern sensors has been instrumental in earthquake monitoring, prediction, early warning, emergency commanding and communication, search and rescue, and life detection. There are numerous sensors currently being utilized in earthquake engineering and science. It is essential to review their mechanisms and working principles thoroughly. Hence, we have attempted to review the development and application of these sensors by classifying them based on the timeline of earthquakes, physical or chemical mechanisms of sensors, and location of sensor platforms. In this study, we analyzed all available sensor platforms that have been widely used in recent years, with satellites and UAVs being among the most used. The findings of our study will be useful for future earthquake response and relief efforts, as well as research aimed at reducing earthquake disaster risks.

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“…Microwave heating is a type of electromagnetic heating that works by using high-frequency electromagnetic waves to generate heat in a material (Mao, 2021). The basic principle of microwave heating is that microwave energy causes polar molecules such as water, fats, and sugars also the ionic compound in the material to rapidly rotate and generate heat due to the frictional forces generated by this motion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Drying of Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia Volubilis L.) Seed for Improving Oil Yield Extract

Fong,

Muhamad,

Salleh

et al. 2023

BBT

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Sacha inchi oil became a popular edible oil due to its fatty acid profile. Due to the good fatty acid nutrient, sacha inchi was chosen to be investigated to get the high oil yield by maintaining the quality of the oil. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of drying power and drying time on the oil yield extracted using aqueous enzymatic extraction. Besides, the extracted oil colour and total phenolic content at different drying power and drying time also were determined. The fatty acid of the highest oil yield was investigated. The drying method used was microwave oven drying while the extraction method used was aqueous enzymatic extraction. The total phenolic content was analyzed using the Folin-ciocalteu reagent while the analysis of fatty acid was conducted using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The result showed that drying power and drying time during drying process have affected the moisture content of the seed which later influenced the yield of sacha inchi oil. The oil yield that extracted from the set of seed dried at medium drying power is the highest. The total phenolic compound increased with the rising of the drying power and drying time, but the results might be affected by another chemical compound, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in the oil. However, the highest sacha inchi oil yield resulting negative value of fatty acid. To obtain a better yield, de-emulsification was recommended to be include in the extraction method. The other factors which are particle size and concentration of the enzymes also need to be considered.

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Basic Principles of Microwave Communication

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Conversion of the anomalous skin effect to the normal one in thin-film metallic microwave systems

Conversion of the anomalous skin effect to the normal one in thin-film metallic microwave systems

Detecting the Unseen: Understanding the Mechanisms and Working Principles of Earthquake Sensors

Microwave Drying of Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia Volubilis L.) Seed for Improving Oil Yield Extract

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