Basic Principles of Pharmacokinetics

Benet, Leslie Z.; Zia‐Amirhosseini, Parnian

doi:10.1177/019262339502300203

Cited by 137 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Kinetic studies have confirmed that the half-life of red cell folate closely matches the half-life of red blood cells, 60 days [ 45 ]. Kinetic principles dictate that following a change in intake it will take four half-lives for blood concentrations to reach 94% of the new steady state levels [ 46 ]. Thus, red cell folate will change relatively slowly after an alteration of intake and may not reach steadystate levels until after 35 weeks.…”

Section: Kinetic Differencesmentioning

confidence: 85%

Red cell or serum folate: what to do in clinical practice?

Farrell¹,

Kirsch

Herrmann

2013

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

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Folate deficiency has been linked to diverse clinical manifestations and despite the importance of accurate assessment of folate status, the best test for routine use is uncertain. Both serum and red cell folate assays are widely available in clinical laboratories; however, red cell folate is the more time-consuming and costly test. This review sought to evaluate whether the red cell assay demonstrated superior performance characteristics to justify these disadvantages. Red cell folate, but not serum folate, measurements demonstrated analytical variation due to sample pre-treatment parameters, oxygen saturation of haemoglobin and haematocrit. Neither marker was clearly superior in characterising deficiency but serum folate more frequently showed the higher correlation with homocysteine, a sensitive marker of deficiency. Similarly, both serum and red cell folate were shown to increase in response to folic acid supplementation. However, serum folate generally gave the greater response and was able to distinguish different supplementation doses. The C677T polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase alters the distribution of folate forms in red cells and may thereby cause further analytical variability in routine red cell folate assays. Overall, serum folate is cheaper and faster to perform than red cell folate, is influenced by fewer analytical variables and provides an assessment of folate status that may be superior to red cell folate.

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Section: Kinetic Differencesmentioning

confidence: 85%

Red cell or serum folate: what to do in clinical practice?

Farrell¹,

Kirsch

Herrmann

2013

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

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“…Equations used are standard pharmacokinetic equations [9,12,13] based on a one compartment model considering immediate absorption to estimate the average (C ave , Eq. 1), minimum (C min , Eq.…”

Section: Inverse Dose-to-man (D2m) Predictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In silico ADME in drug design – enhancing the impact

et al. 2018

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“…Pharmacokinetics, by the quantitative study of the processes that take place depending on time, offers a better understanding of the relationship between the given/administered dose and the pharmacological effect [15]. The compartmental modeling approach of pharmacokinetics consists in describing the processes that the administered drug is subjected to in the body, depicted as an entity divided into distinct compartments with different properties and specific affinities for the drug or drug metabolites [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Zolpidem and Its Metabolite after Single Dose Oral Administration

Gheldiu¹,

Csavdari²,

Achim³

et al. 2017

Studia UBB Chemia

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ABSTRACT. The present study aimed to describe the basic pharmacokinetics of zolpidem and its metabolite zolpidem phenyl-4-carboxylic acid after a single oral dose of 5 mg zolpidem. Six competing kinetic models were created in order to analyze the experimental data obtained from the 20 healthy volunteers enrolled in a clinical study. Based on rational model discrimination criteria (Akaike index value), the best one was chosen and further used for a better understanding of the kinetics of zolpidem and its metabolite in the body after administration. The kinetic model considers that zolpidem absorption process follows a first-order kinetics and during this stage it is partially metabolized (pre-systemic metabolism) to its main metabolite. The kinetics of both zolpidem and its metabolite is characterized by bicompartmental distribution and first order kinetics of both elimination and systemic metabolism.

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Basic Principles of Pharmacokinetics

Cited by 137 publications

References 9 publications

Red cell or serum folate: what to do in clinical practice?

Red cell or serum folate: what to do in clinical practice?

In silico ADME in drug design – enhancing the impact

Kinetics of Zolpidem and Its Metabolite after Single Dose Oral Administration

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