Basic principles of solar energy

Abstract

The sun provides the earth with its main source of energy. In terms of renewable energy, solar energy is the most promising direction for producing electrical energy. For the efficient use of solar energy it is necessary to understand how electrical energy is produced from the sun. This document describes the principle of solar energy to generate electrical energy. Analyze the relationships between voltage, current and power output of photovoltaic cells and how to maximize the efficiency of solar panels. The document will give greater emphasis to the generation of electrical energy from photovoltaic solar panels, due to its economic advantages compared to the conversion of thermal solar energy.

Parameter Identification of Solar Cell Mathematical Models Using Metaheuristic Algorithms

“…Walrus populations are arbitrarily initialized at the start of WaOA deployment. Utilizing (8), we arrive at this WaOA population matrix [35,36]. Where N denotes the number of walruses, m denotes the number of choice variables, X signifies the population of walruses, X i signifies the ith walrus (candidate solution), and x i,j signifies the value of the jth decision variable recommended by the ith walrus.…”

“…As a result, it has assumed a critical role in the ongoing efforts to cultivate and expand renewable energy alternatives. The trajectory of shifting toward PV power generation underscores a proactive stance in mitigating the environmental repercussions of fossil fuel reliance while fostering a sustainable energy landscape for the future [7,8].…”