Basic surface oxides on carbon fibers

Bismarck, Alexander; Wuertz, C.; Springer, Jürgen

doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(98)00291-7

Cited by 73 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Therefore charge A still exhibited a predominance of basic while on charge B acidic oxides prevail. At the first view these results confirm the literature on the wettability of carbon to be strongly affected by the surface chemistry, whereby acidic oxides enhance the wetting and basic surface groups increase the hydrophobicity [26]. The increase from 91 to 142 meq/g basic oxides on charge A may be due to variation within the charge, or, more likely, it results from reaction of cleaned graphite edge planes with oxygen during cooling down from 403 C [20].…”

Section: Acid and Base Functional Groupssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Besides the information that basic groups deteriorate and acidic groups enhance the wettability of pre-treated PAN-based carbon fibers [26,31] we did not find a clear report in the literature on the effect of neutral (quinonoid) groups on the wetting. In most cases there is not just one but a distribution of functional groups present at the surface and in addition there can be an influence of the surface morphology as well.…”

Section: Acid and Base Functional Groupsmentioning

confidence: 56%

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Variability within a single type of polyacrylonitrile-based graphite felt after thermal treatment. Part II: chemical properties

Rabbow¹,

Trampert²,

Pokorný³

et al. 2015

Electrochimica Acta

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A B S T R A C T Graphite felts are often activated thermally before use in electrochemical reactors. This has the effect of improving wetting and decreasing charge-transfer resistance. In part I of this study, considerable variations were observed between two polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based felts from different production charges after thermal activation, despite both charges being of the same type of felt from one supplier. A difference due to bulk crystallinity or due to pronounced core-rim structures of the fibres has been excluded. In this second part a limitation from tarry coatings, which are a possible side products of graphitization, could not be corroborated. However, differences were ascribed to variations in the surface chemistry, which was characterised by Boehm method titration and cyclic voltammetry. The composition of the oxides is discussed together with the possible role they play in the activation and wetting of the felts. The rather high amount of oxides suggests that the Boehm method measures subsurface groups in addition to surface groups. The wetting quality of activated felts can be correlated well with the concentration of neutral quinone groups, characterised by cyclic voltammetry.

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Section: Acid and Base Functional Groupssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Acid and Base Functional Groupsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Variability within a single type of polyacrylonitrile-based graphite felt after thermal treatment. Part II: chemical properties

Rabbow¹,

Trampert²,

Pokorný³

et al. 2015

Electrochimica Acta

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“…In this paper, we present an alternative, thermochemical functionalisation approach extending an 85 existing method developed to alter the surface oxide chemistry of carbon materials, including carbon fibres 29 and…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A versatile, solvent-free methodology for the functionalisation of carbon nanotubes

et al. 2010

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High temperature activation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) provides a new and highly versatile functionalisation strategy. The reaction allows the attachment of a wide variety of functio nal species onto the nanotube surface at grafting ratios between 1 -8 wt%, whilst maintaining the 10 intrinsic properties of the untreated materials. The underlying reaction mechanism has been established by quenching experiments and EPR studies. The distrib ution of the functionalised sites has been investigated at the microscopic scale using tagging reactions. The grafted products have been characterized by electron microscopy, thermal analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, and inverse gas chromatography (IGC). The change in the CNT surface properties after grafting has 15 been quantified in terms of dispersive and specific surface energies, and altered dispersibilities in a broad range of solvents. It is possible to carry out the reaction using gas phase reagents, providing a clean, efficient, and scalable methodology, relevant to a diverse range of applications.

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“…Preparation of CF containing acidic or basic surface functionalities by different heating and oxidation programs is described in Refs. and . Ref.…”

Section: Fiber/matrix Interactionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Synthetic fibers and thermoplastic short-fiber-reinforced polymers: Properties and characterization

2013

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Among the synthetic fibers, glass fibers (GF) are most widely used in thermoplastic short‐fiber‐reinforced polymers (SFRP), as they offer good strength and stiffness, impact resistance, chemical resistance, and thermal stability at a low price. Carbon fibers (CF) are applied instead of GF, when highest stiffness is required. Other types of synthetic fibers like aramid (AF), basalt (BF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN‐F), polyethylene terephthalate (PET‐F), or polypropylene fibers (PP‐F) are rarely used in SFRP, although they offer some advantages compared with GF. The aim of this article is, to give an overview of various fiber types with regard to their mechanical properties, densities, and prices as well as the performance of their thermoplastic composites. The mechanical properties are presented as Ashby plots of tensile strength versus tensile modulus, both in absolute and specific (absolute value divided by density) values. This overview also focuses on modification of fiber/matrix interaction, as interfacial adhesion has a huge impact on composite performance. A summary of established methods for characterization of fibers, polymers, and composites completes this article. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:227–236, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Basic surface oxides on carbon fibers

Cited by 73 publications

References 13 publications

Variability within a single type of polyacrylonitrile-based graphite felt after thermal treatment. Part II: chemical properties

Variability within a single type of polyacrylonitrile-based graphite felt after thermal treatment. Part II: chemical properties

A versatile, solvent-free methodology for the functionalisation of carbon nanotubes

Synthetic fibers and thermoplastic short-fiber-reinforced polymers: Properties and characterization

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