Basic techniques in insect virology

Eberle, Karolin E.; Wennmann, Jörg T.; Kleespies, Regina; Jehle, Johannes A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386899-2.00002-6

Cited by 31 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 104 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Effect of the different HIPVs on susceptibility to B. thuringiensis infection. Effect of the selected HIPVs on the entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis was tested using the surface contam-ination bioassay method (63). In these experiments, a formulation of wettable granules containing Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Herbivore-Induced Volatiles Protect Plants by Increasing the Herbivores’ Susceptibility to Natural Pathogens?

Gasmi

Martínez-Solís

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In response to insect herbivory, plants mobilize various defenses. Defense responses include the release of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that can serve as signals to alert undamaged tissues and to attract natural enemies of the herbivores. Some HIPVs can have a direct negative impact on herbivore survival, but it is not well understood by what mechanisms. Here, we tested the hypothesis that exposure to HIPVs renders insects more susceptible to natural pathogens. Exposure of the caterpillars of the noctuidSpodoptera exiguato indole and linalool, but not exposure to (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, increased the susceptibility toSpodoptera exiguamultiple nucleopolyhedrovirus(SeMNPV). We also found that exposure to indole, but not exposure to linalool or (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, increased the pathogenicity ofBacillus thuringiensis. Additional experiments revealed significant changes in microbiota composition after forty-eight hours of larval exposure to indole. Overall, these results provide evidence that certain HIPVs can strongly enhance the susceptibility of caterpillars to pathogens, possibly through effects on the insect gut microbiota. These findings suggest a novel mechanism by which HIPVs can protect plants from herbivorous insects.IMPORTANCEMultitrophic interactions involving insect pests, their natural enemies, microorganisms, and plant hosts are increasingly being recognized as relevant factors in pest management. In response to herbivory attacks, plants activate a wide range of defenses that aim to mitigate the damage. Attacked plants release herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), which can act as priming signals for other plants and attract natural enemies of herbivores, and which may have a direct negative impact on herbivore survival. In the present work, we show that exposure of the insects to the induced volatiles could increase the insects’ susceptibility to the entomopathogens naturally occurring in the plant environment. These findings suggest a novel role for plant volatiles by influencing insect interactions with natural pathogens, probably mediated by alterations in the insect microbiota composition. In addition, this work provides evidence for selectable plant traits (production of secondary metabolites) that can have an influence on the ecology of the pests and could be relevant in the improvement of pest management strategies using natural entomopathogens.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Herbivore-Induced Volatiles Protect Plants by Increasing the Herbivores’ Susceptibility to Natural Pathogens?

Gasmi

Martínez-Solís

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Propagation of NPVs is primarily done in vivo and in vitro (Ikonomou et al 2003). The most commonly used method is in vivo, simply infecting the healthy larvae by NPV contaminated artificial diet and harvesting the infected larvae for virus propagation (Eberle et al 2012). The pathogenicity of V-SpltNPV on cotton leaves against the larvae of S. litura was assessed because there is no record about the use of NPV against S. litura on cotton crop in Pakistan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual and combined impact of nuclear polyhedrosis virus and spinosad to control the tropical armyworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in cotton in Pakistan

Ayyub

Nawaz

Arif

et al. 2019

Egypt J Biol Pest Control

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The tropical armyworm, Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Noctuidae; Lepidoptera), is among the most harmful pests causing economic loss in the quality and production of a variety of crops, particularly cotton. Entomopathogens play an important role in insect pest management. The nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) isolate of S. litura (V-SpltNPV) was isolated from infected larvae in a cotton crop, and viral occlusion bodies were confirmed, using an inverted microscope. The pathogenicity of V-SpltNPV against 2nd, 3rd, and 4th larval instars of S. litura was evaluated at various concentrations (1 × 10 4 to 1 × 10 8 OBs/ml). Mortality rate was high (37.65-96.82%) in early instar larvae against tested concentrations. LC 50 and LT 50 values increased with increasing larval age. There was 689,865 times increase in LC 50 value (1.35 × 10 2 OBs/ml) for 2nd instar larvae to LC 50 value (6.90 × 10 5 OBs/ml) for 4th instar larvae. LT 50 values enhanced from 4.99 days for 2nd instar larvae to 7.49 days for 4th instar larvae, due to a decrease in efficacy of NPVs with the increasing age of larvae. In a greenhouse experiment, a combined application of spinosad with V-SpltNPV (1 × 10 8 OBs/ml) caused (100%) mortality of 2nd instar larvae. A single application of V-SpltNPV (1 × 10 8 OBs/ml) resulted to mean mortality (52.63%) of tested larvae. The native isolate V-SpltNPV seems to have a potential to be used in integrated manner with other IPM tactics to significantly reduce the use of toxic chemical pesticides.

show abstract

“…Two isolates of Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV), namely, Mexican isolate CpGV-M (10) and English isolate CpGV-E2, the latter an in vivo clone of the English isolate CpGV-E (8,36), and a South African isolate of Cryptophlebia peltastica single nucleopolyhedrovirus (CrpeNPV) (20) were used for all infection experiments. Before each experimental use, a light microscope using an improved Petroff-Hauser and Neubauer hemocytometer was used to determine the concentrations of OBs independently for CpGV and CrpeNPV (37).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After 7 dpi, infected wells were scored under the light microscope according to the presence of CrpeNPV OBs inside Cp14R cells. Calculation of the 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID 50 ) was performed as described previously (37).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptophlebia peltastica Nucleopolyhedrovirus Is Highly Infectious to Codling Moth Larvae and Cells

Wennmann

Eigenbrod

Marsberg

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) is a cornerstone of codling moth (Cydia pomonella) control in integrated and organic pome fruit production, though different types of resistance to CpGV products have been recorded in codling moth field populations in Europe for several years. Recently, a novel baculovirus named Cryptophlebia peltastica nucleopolyhedrovirus (CrpeNPV) was isolated from a laboratory culture of the litchi moth, Cryptophlebia peltastica, in South Africa. Along with CpGV, it is the third known baculovirus that is infectious to codling moth. In the present study, parameters of infectiveness of CrpeNPV, such as the median lethal concentration and median survival time, were determined for codling moth larvae susceptible or resistant to CpGV. In addition, the permissiveness of a codling moth cell line with respect to infection by CrpeNPV budded virus was demonstrated by infection and gene expression studies designed to investigate the complete replication cycle. Investigations of the high degree of virulence of CrpeNPV for codling moth larvae and cells are of high significant scientific and economic value and may offer new strategies for the biological control of susceptible and resistant populations of codling moth. IMPORTANCE The emergence of codling moth populations resistant to commercially applied isolates of CpGV is posing an imminent threat to organic pome fruit production. Very few CpGV isolates are left that are able to overcome the reported types of resistance, emphasizing the demand for new and highly virulent baculoviruses. Here we report the recently discovered CrpeNPV as highly infectious to all types of resistant codling moth populations with a high speed of killing, making it a promising candidate baculovirus in fighting the spread of resistant codling moth populations.

show abstract

Basic techniques in insect virology

Cited by 31 publications

References 104 publications

Can Herbivore-Induced Volatiles Protect Plants by Increasing the Herbivores’ Susceptibility to Natural Pathogens?

Can Herbivore-Induced Volatiles Protect Plants by Increasing the Herbivores’ Susceptibility to Natural Pathogens?

Individual and combined impact of nuclear polyhedrosis virus and spinosad to control the tropical armyworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in cotton in Pakistan

Cryptophlebia peltastica Nucleopolyhedrovirus Is Highly Infectious to Codling Moth Larvae and Cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About