Basic vs. Applied Psychology perspectives lead to different implications from the same data; reevaluating the impact of prior expectations on polygraph outcomes

Ginton, Avital

doi:10.1016/j.ssaho.2019.100005

Social Sciences & Humanities Open

2019

DOI: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2019.100005

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Basic vs. Applied Psychology perspectives lead to different implications from the same data; reevaluating the impact of prior expectations on polygraph outcomes

Avital Ginton

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Cited by 4 publications

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“…A. Ginton's conclusions demonstrate that the consequences of previously made expectations in actual cases are lower than in the claims made by opponents of polygraph examinations (Ginton 2019). He further recognised that for practical purposes it is most important to know how many of such "inconclusive" tests may incorrectly turn into conclusive under the infl uence of the examiner's prior expectations.…”

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Should Blind Evaluation of Polygraph Charts Be a Mandatory Procedure in Evidentiary Examinations?

Gołaszewski

2022

European Polygraph

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The article considers the advantages of blind interpretation of polygraph charts in the context of subjectivity in polygraph examinations. The purpose of this article is to provoke a discussion on the inclusion of blind scoring in evidentiary examinations as a standard procedure. Resorting to such a method should curb the impact of cognitive bias on interpreting test data as it has been proved empirically that information on the case facts and the examinee, provided to the examiner before the examination, may influence the subsequent interpretation of the charts.

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confidence: 99%

Should Blind Evaluation of Polygraph Charts Be a Mandatory Procedure in Evidentiary Examinations?

Gołaszewski

2022

European Polygraph

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Possible Sources of the Difference in the Severity of the Prior Information Effect on Polygraph Scoring Found in Three Published Studies

Ginton¹

2023

Psychol Rep

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The present article compared three CQT polygraph studies, each indicating a different degree of the prior information effect in triggering confirmation bias while scoring polygraph examinations. The comparison led to the conclusion that the sample of the examiners who did the scoring in the Krapohl and Dutton’s study, (2018) was a better representative of the examiners’ population; however, the robust effect found in it is somewhat questionable since an unspecified part of it could be related to an uncontrolled contamination of a conformity factor. So, we are left with the findings of the other two studies, which indicate a smaller effect. The comparison between the studies also raised the option that using the conservative inconclusive zone of +/-5 in the numerical scoring might mitigate the prior information impact by reducing the possibility that it may change results from Deception Indicated (DI) to No Deception Indicated (NDI) and vice versa. With such cut scores, at most, the effect would be shown in entering or leaving the Inconclusive zone, which is less problematic in terms of increasing the number of potential errors. The danger of being affected by prior information is still there and should be paid attention to; however, as for now, research evidence indicates that it affects only a small percentage of the total volume of field CQT tests. That is compatible with Ginton's (2019) findings that the adverse effect in practice may concern less than 5% of the specific event-related CQT examinations.

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Marcin Gołaszewski, Metody interpretacji danych w badaniach poligraficznych. Metody interpretacji danych w badaniach poligraficznych [Methods of interpreting data in polygraph examinations, the problem of expert subjectivity in forming opinions], Krakow: Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 2023 (in Polish)

Porzycki

2024

European Polygraph

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Basic vs. Applied Psychology perspectives lead to different implications from the same data; reevaluating the impact of prior expectations on polygraph outcomes

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Should Blind Evaluation of Polygraph Charts Be a Mandatory Procedure in Evidentiary Examinations?

Should Blind Evaluation of Polygraph Charts Be a Mandatory Procedure in Evidentiary Examinations?

Possible Sources of the Difference in the Severity of the Prior Information Effect on Polygraph Scoring Found in Three Published Studies

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