Basics of hydroxyapatite—structure, synthesis, properties, and clinical applications

Khalid, Hamad; Chaudhry, Aqif Anwar

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102834-6.00004-5

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…A simplistic reasoning might lead to the conclusion that a cation with a larger radius than the one of Ca 2+ (i.e., ~100 pm) should prefer to occupy the site(II) [ 1 , 6 ]. Nevertheless, other factors such as charge of cation, bond strength, and metal–oxygen distance can also influence the selection of the occupancy position [ 6 , 90 ]. For example, the Metal(I)-O has a longer length than Metal(II)-O and might allow larger cations to be accommodated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Physico-Chemical Properties and Exploratory Real-Time Cell Analysis of Hydroxyapatite Nanopowders Substituted with Ce, Mg, Sr, and Zn (0.5–5 at.%)

et al. 2021

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Cation-substituted hydroxyapatite (HA), standalone or as a composite (blended with polymers or metals), is currently regarded as a noteworthy candidate material for bone repair/regeneration either in the form of powders, porous scaffolds or coatings for endo-osseous dental and orthopaedic implants. As a response to the numerous contradictions reported in literature, this work presents, in one study, the physico-chemical properties and the cytocompatibility response of single cation-doped (Ce, Mg, Sr or Zn) HA nanopowders in a wide concentration range (0.5–5 at.%). The modification of composition, morphology, and structure was multiparametrically monitored via energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray photoelectron, Fourier-transform infrared and micro-Raman spectroscopy methods, as well as by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. From a compositional point of view, Ce and Sr were well-incorporated in HA, while slight and pronounced deviations were observed for Mg and Zn, respectively. The change of the lattice parameters, crystallite size, and substituting cation occupation factors either in the Ca(I) or Ca(II) sites were further determined. Sr produced the most important HA structural changes. The in vitro biological performance was evaluated by the (i) determination of leached therapeutic cations (by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) and (ii) assessment of cell behaviour by both conventional assays (e.g., proliferation—3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl) 5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium assay; cytotoxicity—lactate dehydrogenase release assay) and, for the first time, real-time cell analysis (RTCA). Three cell lines were employed: fibroblast, osteoblast, and endothelial. When monophasic, the substituted HA supported the cells’ viability and proliferation without signs of toxicity. The RTCA results indicate the excellent adherence of cells. The study strived to offer a perspective on the behaviour of Ce-, Mg-, Sr-, or Zn-substituted HAs and to deliver a well-encompassing viewpoint on their effects. This can be highly important for the future development of such bioceramics, paving the road toward the identification of candidates with highly promising therapeutic effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Physico-Chemical Properties and Exploratory Real-Time Cell Analysis of Hydroxyapatite Nanopowders Substituted with Ce, Mg, Sr, and Zn (0.5–5 at.%)

et al. 2021

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“…When oil is distributed into water, then the resulting emulsion is called 'oil in water,' but in the case of 'water in oil,' the roles of oil and water are reversed. [47][48][49][50] Micro-or macro-emulsions can also be used, depending on the extent of the incorporated water. A macro-emulsion contains a relatively higher volume of water than a microemulsion.…”

Section: Emulsion Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of nano-hydroxyapatite using emulsion, pyrolysis, combustion, and sonochemical methods and biogenic sources: a review

Alam,

Sahadat Hossain,

Kawsar

et al. 2024

RSC Adv.

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“…Moreover, natural sources possess the advantage of taking over certain natural material properties. Nowadays, numerous compounds are isolated from marine organisms and are applied in bioactive ingredients on medical devices [ 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 ].…”

Section: Ha-based On Natural Sources Used In Btementioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Trends into the Development of Natural Hydroxyapatite-Based Polymeric Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering

et al. 2022

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In recent years, the number of people needing bone replacements for the treatment of defects caused by chronic diseases or accidents has continuously increased. To solve these problems, tissue engineering has gained significant attention in the biomedical field, by focusing on the development of suitable materials that improve osseointegration and biologic activity. In this direction, the development of an ideal material that provides good osseointegration, increased antimicrobial activity and preserves good mechanical properties has been the main challenge. Currently, bone tissue engineering focuses on the development of materials with tailorable properties, by combining polymers and ceramics to meet the necessary complex requirements. This study presents the main polymers applied in tissue engineering, considering their advantages and drawbacks. Considering the potential disadvantages of polymers, improving the applicability of the material and the combination with a ceramic material is the optimum pathway to increase the mechanical stability and mineralization process. Thus, ceramic materials obtained from natural sources (e.g., hydroxyapatite) are preferred to improve bioactivity, due to their similarity to the native hydroxyapatite found in the composition of human bone.

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Basics of hydroxyapatite—structure, synthesis, properties, and clinical applications

Cited by 17 publications

References 161 publications

The Physico-Chemical Properties and Exploratory Real-Time Cell Analysis of Hydroxyapatite Nanopowders Substituted with Ce, Mg, Sr, and Zn (0.5–5 at.%)

The Physico-Chemical Properties and Exploratory Real-Time Cell Analysis of Hydroxyapatite Nanopowders Substituted with Ce, Mg, Sr, and Zn (0.5–5 at.%)

Synthesis of nano-hydroxyapatite using emulsion, pyrolysis, combustion, and sonochemical methods and biogenic sources: a review

Novel Trends into the Development of Natural Hydroxyapatite-Based Polymeric Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering

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