Basin-edge generated Rayleigh waves in the Almaty basin and corresponding consequences for ground motion amplification

Pilz, Marco; Parolai, Stefano; Petrović, Bojana; Silacheva, Natalya; Abakanov, Tanatkan; Orunbaev, S.; Moldobekov, Bolot

doi:10.1093/gji/ggx555

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Therefore, toe clustering of co-seismic landslides appears to be explained at the first order by geological and structural controls. These controls add to any effects of possible downslope seismic amplification due to surface wave generation or directional effects (Pilz et al, 2018;Wasowski et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher levels of amplification may be reached when the incoming wave is perpendicular to the ridge elongation (Massa et al, 2010) and thus increase the probability of failure. Moreover, some authors suggest that Rayleigh waves, generated at the toe of the hillslope and propagating toward the ridge crest, would produce an added inertial force on the sliding mass and increase the duration of ground motion, favouring upper slope failures (Jafarzadeh et al, 2015;Poursartip and Kallivokas, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seismic and geologic controls on spatial clustering of landslides in three large earthquakes

Rault¹,

Robert

Marc

et al. 2019

Earth Surf. Dynam.

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The large, shallow earthquakes at Northridge, California (1994), Chi-Chi, Taiwan (1999), and Wenchuan, China (2008), each triggered thousands of landslides. We have determined the position of these landslides along hillslopes, normalizing for statistical bias. The landslide patterns have a co-seismic signature, with clustering at ridge crests and slope toes. A cross-check against rainfall-induced landslide inventories seems to confirm that crest clustering is specific to seismic triggering as observed in previous studies. In our three study areas, the seismic ground motion parameters and lithologic and topographic features used do not seem to exert a primary control on the observed patterns of landslide clustering. However, we show that at the scale of the epicentral area, crest and toe clustering occur in areas with specific geological features. Toe clustering of seismically induced landslides tends to occur along regional major faults. Crest clustering is concentrated at sites where the lithology along hillslopes is approximately uniform, or made of alternating soft and hard strata, and without strong overprint of geological structures. Although earthquake-induced landslides locate higher on hillslopes in a statistically significant way, geological features strongly modulate the landslide position along the hillslopes. As a result the observation of landslide clustering on topographic ridges cannot be used as a definite indicator of the topographic amplification of ground shaking.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic and geologic controls on spatial clustering of landslides in three large earthquakes

Rault¹,

Robert

Marc

et al. 2019

Earth Surf. Dynam.

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“…Therefore toe-clustering of coseismic landslides appears to be explained at the first order by geological and structural controls. These controls add to any effects of possible downslope seismic amplification due to surface wave generation or directional effects (Pilz et al, 2018;Wasowski et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic and geologic controls on spatial clustering of landslides in three large earthquakes

Rault¹,

Robert²,

Marc³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. The large, shallow earthquakes at Northridge, California (1994), Chi-Chi, Taiwan (1999) and Wenchuan, China (2008) each triggered thousands of landslides. We have determined the position of these landslides along hillslopes, normalizing for statistical bias. The landslide patterns have a co-seismic signature, with clustering at ridge crests and slope toes. A cross check against rainfall-induced landslide inventories confirms that crest-clustering is specific to seismic-triggering. In our three study areas, seismic ground motion parameters, and lithologic and topographic features have limited bearing on the observed patterns of landslide clustering. However, we show that at the scale of the epicentral area, crest- and toe-clustering occur in areas with specific geological features. Toe-clustering of seismically-induced landslides tends to occur along major faults. Crest-clustering is concentrated at sites where the lithology along hillslopes is approximately uniform, or made of alternating soft and hard strata, and without strong overprint of geological structures. Although earthquake-induced landslides locate higher on hillslopes in a statistically significant way, geological features strongly modulate the landslide position along the hillslopes. As a result the observation of landslide clustering on topographic ridges cannot be used directly as an indicator of seismic parameters such as ground shaking.

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“…It has been reported that 3-D basin effects, for example, scattering and conversion of wave types at sharp basin edges, could significantly aggravate the consequences of ground shaking, especially in the shortperiod range, leading to concentrated damage in the vicinity of basin edges (Graves et al, 1998;Kawase, 1996;Pilz et al, 2018). Nevertheless, in our results, the good agreement between the observed amplifications and the predictions indicate that the seismic response of long-period ground motions can be largely attributed to local 1-D site effects immediately beneath a given site.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, the standard one-dimensional (1-D) ground response analysis, which considers the effect of near-surface geology on vertically propagating shear waves or simply uses empirical proxies (e.g., Vs30), often underestimates the observed amplifications (e.g., Steidl, 2000). Moreover, site amplification across deep sedimentary basins could be highly variable even over distances of a few kilometers (Imperatory & Mai, 2015;Moschetti et al, 2017), which is often attributed to three-dimensional (3-D) basin effects related to how basin shape and lateral heterogeneities affect wave propagation (Graves et al, 1998;Kawase, 1996;Pilz et al, 2018;Takemura et al, 2015). As such, much effort has been devoted to 3-D numerical simulations of earthquake ground motions in sedimentary basins (e.g., Böse et al, 2014;Chaljub et al, 2015;Frankel et al, 2009;Iwaki & Iwaka, 2010;Olsen, 2000;Olsen et al, 2006;Pilz et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations and Modeling of Long‐Period Ground‐Motion Amplification Across Northeast China

Chen

Tsai

Niu

2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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Basin resonances can significantly amplify and prolong ground shaking, and accurate site‐amplification estimates are crucial for mitigating potential seismic hazards within metropolitan basins. In this work, we estimate the site amplification of long‐period (2–10 s) ground motions across northeast China for both surface waves and vertically incident shear waves. The spatial distribution of relatively large site amplifications correlates strongly with known sedimentary basins for both wave types. However, the site response of surface waves is typically twice as high as that of shear waves at most basin sites. We further show that these site‐amplification features can be well explained by predictions based on the local one‐dimensional structure at each site. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for surface‐wave contributions and demonstrate the usefulness of semi‐analytical theory for surface‐wave amplification, which may be broadly applicable in future seismic hazard analysis.

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Basin-edge generated Rayleigh waves in the Almaty basin and corresponding consequences for ground motion amplification

Cited by 14 publications

References 55 publications

Seismic and geologic controls on spatial clustering of landslides in three large earthquakes

Seismic and geologic controls on spatial clustering of landslides in three large earthquakes

Seismic and geologic controls on spatial clustering of landslides in three large earthquakes

Observations and Modeling of Long‐Period Ground‐Motion Amplification Across Northeast China

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