Basis for a predictive model of<i>Xanthomonas arboricola</i>pv.<i>pruni</i>growth and infections in host plants

Morales, Gerard; Llorente, Isidre; Seguí, Emilio Montesinos; Moragrega, C.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2016.1149.1

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Leaves inoculated by infiltration expressed the highest disease severity, explained by the fact that bacterial cells were introduced directly into the leaf mesophyll. Although the severity was lower in leaves inoculated by immersion or drop deposition, these methods may reflect natural infections more accurately because bacterial cells had to enter leaves through natural openings or wounds (Battilani et al 1999;Garcin et al 2011a;Morales et al 2016Morales et al , 2017. Nevertheless, a similar pattern of the effect of inoculum dose on disease severity was observed for the three inoculation methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…pruni and in the disease development. Moderate temperatures and leaf wetness are required for this bacterium to penetrate the host cells through natural openings or wounds (EPPO/CABI 1997;Garcin et al 2011a;Goodman 1976;Morales et al 2016;Zehr et al 1996). Thus, the combined effects of wetness period duration and temperature on infection of Prunus by X. arboricola pv.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental and inoculum effects on epidemiology of bacterial spot disease of stone fruits and development of a disease forecasting system

et al. 2018

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Bacterial spot disease of stone fruits, caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni, is of high economic importance in the major stone-fruit-producing areas worldwide. A better understanding of disease epidemiology can be valuable in developing disease management strategies. The effects of weather variables (temperature and wet/dry period) on epiphytic growth of X. arboricola pv. pruni on Prunus leaves were analyzed, and the relationship between inoculum density and temperature on disease development was determined and modeled. The information generated in this study, performed under controlled environmental conditions, will be useful to develop a forecasting system for X. arboricola pv. pruni. Optimal temperature for growth of epiphytic populations ranged from 20 to 30°C under leaf wetness. In contrast, multiplication of epiphytic populations was not only interrupted under low relative humidity (RH) (< 40%) at 25°C, but also resulted in cell inactivation, with only 0.001% initial cells recovered after 72 h incubation. A significant effect of inoculum density on disease severity was observed and 10 6 CFU/ml was determined as the minimal infective dose for X. arboricola pv. pruni on Prunus. Infections occurred at temperatures from 15 to 35°C, but incubation at 25 and 30°C gave the shortest incubation periods (7.7 and 5.9 days respectively). A model for predicting disease symptom development was generated and successfully evaluated, based on the relationship between disease severity and the accumulated heat expressed in cumulative degree day (CDD). Incubation periods of 150, 175 and 280 CDD were required for 5, 10 and 50% of disease severity, respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and inoculum effects on epidemiology of bacterial spot disease of stone fruits and development of a disease forecasting system

et al. 2018

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“…arboricola pv. pruni on Prunus [ 25 – 27 ]. At 0 h wetness duration no disease symptoms were observed on the majority of plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…arboricola pv. pruni growth (20–30°C) [ 26 , 27 ]. Variability in the range of temperature and wetness period duration conducive to infection and disease development has been detected in studies under field conditions [ 24 , 25 ], probably due to the complex interaction of diverse factors affecting the disease development, such as inoculum populations [ 28 ], host susceptibility [ 7 , 29 ] and orchard management practices [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of leaf wetness duration and temperature on infection of Prunus by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni

et al. 2018

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Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni is the causal agent of bacterial spot disease of stone fruits and almond. The bacterium is distributed throughout the major stone-fruit-producing areas of the World and is considered a quarantine organism in the European Union according to the Council Directive 2000/29/EC, and by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. The effect of leaf wetness duration and temperature on infection of Prunus by X. arboricola pv. pruni was determined in controlled environment experiments. Potted plants of the peach-almond hybrid GF-677 were inoculated with bacterial suspensions and exposed to combinations of six leaf wetness durations (from 0 to 24 h) and seven fixed temperatures (from 5 to 35°C) during the infection period. Then, plants were transferred to a biosafety greenhouse, removed from bags, and incubated at optimal conditions for disease development. Although leaf wetness was required for infection of Prunus by X. arboricola pv. pruni, temperature had a greater effect than leaf wetness duration on disease severity. The combined effect of wetness duration and temperature on disease severity was quantified using a modification of the Weibull equation proposed by Duthie. The reduced-form of Duthie’s model obtained by nonlinear regression analysis fitted well to data (R = 0.87 and R2adj = 0.85), and all parameters were significantly different from 0. The estimated optimal temperature for infection by X. arboricola pv. pruni was 28.9°C. Wetness periods longer than 10 h at temperatures close to 20°C, or 5 h at temperatures between 25 and 35°C were necessary to cause high disease severity. The predictive capacity of the model was evaluated using an additional set of data obtained from new wetness duration-temperature combinations. In 92% of the events the observed severity agreed with the predicted level of infection risk. The risk chart derived from the reduced form of Duthie’s model can be used to estimate the potential risk for infection of Prunus by X. arboricola pv. pruni based on observed or forecasted temperature and wetness duration.

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The Xanthomonas arboricola complex includes phytopathogenic bacteria responsible for emerging diseases worldwide (Lamichhane, 2014). Nine pathovars, based on the host range of the species-arracaciae, celebensis, corylina, fragariae, guizotiae, juglandis, populi, pruni and zantesdeschiae-were included in this complex (Fischer-Le Saux et al, 2015), with corylina, juglandis and pruni as the most virulent and economically important for cultivated crops (Morales et al, 2015;Young et al, 2008). Bacterium Xanthomonas arboricola pv.

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni from Prunus spp. orchards in Western Balkans

et al. 2022

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The present study provides a new insight into the existing Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (Xap) bacterial population originating from peach and apricot in two Western Balkans countries (Serbia and Montenegro). Multilocus sequence typing and analysis of the sequences of nine housekeeping genes revealed homology between the tested Xap strains as well as with the European population of this bacterium. The tested strains share the same haplotype (Haplotype I) with the Xap strains from Italy, France, Spain, United States, Australia and Brazil. The revealed single nucleotide change (G ↔ C) in the sequences of the gyrB1 gene differentiates Haplotype I from Haplotype II (Xap from South Korea, New Zealand, Argentina and Uruguay). The detached‐leaf bioassay results confirmed differences in virulence between strains originating from peach and apricot towards Prunus armeniaca (apricot), indicating host specialization of the apricot strain towards this host. For the first time, immunity of P. fruticosa (European ground cherry) to Xap was established. According to the AUDPC, PCA and cluster analysis, other Prunus spp. were classified as having low susceptibility (P. mahaleb, P. cerasus and P. avium), as susceptible (P. domestica) and as highly susceptible (P. persica, P. dulcis, P. cerasifera and P. spinosa). Xap strains were also found to be susceptible to 10 tested antibiotics. This study provides valuable knowledge on the Xap population from stone fruit grown in the Western Balkans region as well as the source of immunity, which could serve as a starting point for breeding Prunus cultivars and could be used as the main control strategy.

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Basis for a predictive model ofXanthomonas arboricolapv.prunigrowth and infections in host plants

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Environmental and inoculum effects on epidemiology of bacterial spot disease of stone fruits and development of a disease forecasting system

Environmental and inoculum effects on epidemiology of bacterial spot disease of stone fruits and development of a disease forecasting system

Effects of leaf wetness duration and temperature on infection of Prunus by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni

Characterization of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni from Prunus spp. orchards in Western Balkans

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