“…Therefore, faulting movements cause various ground shape features in the topography (Keller and Pinter, 2002). The topographic units such as straight flow of streams on different formations, frequent bed changes without conforming to general slope, increase of river slopes on a certain line (Erinç, 2015), polycyclic valleys, deformed terraces, antecedent valleys (Ardos, 1973a), gaps between mountains and hills (straits), depression lake, linear (elongated) shifted (fragmented) ridges (Bingöl, 1986), sudden changes in morphology (Ege, 2014), irregular sequence in layer series, mineralization areas (Ketin, 1973), pressure ridges, (Keller and Pinter, 2002), alluvial fans deformed by faulting, cracked ridge travertines (Zorer and Tonbul, 2019), bolt ridges (Koehler, Mann, Prentice, Brown, Benford and Wiggins, 2013), debris deposition in front of fault erosion, ponding along the river bed, contraction-expansion of river beds (Erkal, 2019), linear volcanic cones (Erinç, 1973), wind breaks (Keller and DeVechio, 2013), mylonitization-catalastic rocks (Reed, 1964), doline and uvala extension line (Öztürk, Şimşek, Utlu and Şener, 2016) hanging valley, hanging cave, hanging terraces, fault valley, travertine, fault steepness, stepped mountain slopes, sequential accumulation cones, hooked drainage, transverse valley, triangular surfaces, sequential water outlets are topographic (physiographic) references in the recognition of faults. These topographic units are the main sources of data on tectonism for the geomorphologist in the field.…”