Bat-1 genes and the origin of multiple class I loci in the H-2D region

Wroblewski, Joanne M.; Kaminsky, Steven G.; Nakamura, Ichiro

doi:10.1007/bf00188791

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…All in all, it is quite intriguing that an equal-sized deletion involving this very same region and genes (MICA͞B) has happened at distinct points in time in several different primate species. This very phenomenon might also be the reason why rodents are devoid of MIC genes, because the putative location of functional mouse MICA and MICB genes, the segment linking H2-D (equivalent to HLA-B or Patr-B) and BAT1, is substantially shortened compared with the human MHC: 40 instead of 173 kb (11,29,30). The molecular basis of the existence of such an apparently ''deletion-prone'' segment between MICA and MICB remains to be established, but this could be due to the existence of a HERV-L sequence, which contains a 2.5-kb AT-rich insertion in its 5Ј LTR, which might therefore serve as a recombination hot spot (23,31).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative sequencing of human and chimpanzee MHC class I regions unveils insertions/deletions as the major path to genomic divergence

Anzai

Shiina²,

Kimura³

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

120

108

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Despite their high degree of genomic similarity, reminiscent of their relatively recent separation from each other (Ϸ6 million years ago), the molecular basis of traits unique to humans vs. their closest relative, the chimpanzee, is largely unknown. This report describes a large-scale single-contig comparison between human and chimpanzee genomes via the sequence analysis of almost one-half of the immunologically critical MHC. This 1,750,601-bp stretch of DNA, which encompasses the entire class I along with the telomeric part of the MHC class III regions, corresponds to an orthologous 1,870,955 bp of the human HLA region. Sequence analysis confirms the existence of a high degree of sequence similarity between the two species. However, and importantly, this 98.6% sequence identity drops to only 86.7% taking into account the multiple insertions͞deletions (indels) dispersed throughout the region. This is functionally exemplified by a large deletion of 95 kb between the virtual locations of human MICA and MICB genes, which results in a single hybrid chimpanzee MIC gene, in a segment of the MHC genetically linked to species-specific handling of several viral infections (HIV͞SIV, hepatitis B and C) as well as susceptibility to various autoimmune diseases. Finally, if generalized, these data suggest that evolution may have used the mechanistically more drastic indels instead of the more subtle singlenucleotide substitutions for shaping the recently emerged primate species.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative sequencing of human and chimpanzee MHC class I regions unveils insertions/deletions as the major path to genomic divergence

Anzai

Shiina²,

Kimura³

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

120

108

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“…Similarly, the B144 gene, which was mapped in the human and mouse Mhc close to the TNF genes, was not found in the pig genome (Nunes et al 1994). We should also mention that in the mouse H-2 d complex the Bat-1 gene is duplicated in association with the D a and L d class I genes (Wroblewski et al 1994), whereas in pig and human only one BAT1 gene seems to exist. The comparison of our PGFE data with those published by others in miniature pigs (Xu et al 1992;Wu et al 1995) are generally in agreement, with some differences with a few restriction enzymes, which may indicate restriction enzyme site polymorphisms between miniature and Large White breeds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

A detailed physical map of the porcine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region: Comparison with human and mouse MHC class III regions

et al. 1996

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A detailed physical map of the porcine MHC class III region on Chr 7 was constructed with a panel of probes in a series of hybridizations on genomic pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) Southern blots. A precise organization of the 700-kb segment of DNA between G18 and BAT1 can now be proposed, with more than 30 genes mapped to it. Comparison of this region with homologous regions in human and mouse showed only minor differences. The biggest difference was observed in the CYP21/C4 locus with only one CYP21 gene and one C4 gene found, whereas in human and mouse these genes are duplicated. These results show the class III region is very well conserved between pig, human, and mouse, in contrast with the class I and class II regions, which seem more prone to rearrangements.

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“…Thus, it can be speculated that an ancestral MIC gene duplicated and diversified into the MIC1 , MIC2 , and MIC3 genes as found in rhesus macaques, and in higher primates into MICA and MICB ‐like genes. It is interesting in this context that, when comparing human, rat and mouse, the region immediately telomeric to BAT1 is found to be prone to intra‐ and interspecies rearrangements (17–19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic analysis of MIC genes in rhesus macaques

2001

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MIC genes map to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and are distantly related to MHC class I genes. Recently, MICA/MICB-like genes have been described in nonhuman primates. In Macaca mulatta, three MICA/B-like genes could be identified: Mamu-MIC1, Mamu-MIC2, and Mamu-MIC3. We show here the isolation and characterization of rhesus macaque cosmid clones which carry the Mamu-MIC2 and Mamu-MIC3 genes. Neither the MIC2- and MIC3-coding sequences nor respective flanking sequences can be aligned unambiguously to either the human HLA-MICA or -MICB subregions, although MIC2 was found at a similar distance to the BAT1 gene as known for MICB in human. Thus, the characteristics allowing for a classification of primate MIC genes as being of the MICA or MICB types appear to have evolved after the separation of humans and rhesus monkeys from a common ancestor. Furthermore, also Mamu-MICD-containing cosmids could be isolated. In contrast to Mamu-MIC2 and Mamu-MIC3, the Mamu-MICD gene and its flanking sequences are highly conserved and orthologous to the human MICD subregion.

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Bat-1 genes and the origin of multiple class I loci in the H-2D region

Cited by 21 publications

References 15 publications

Comparative sequencing of human and chimpanzee MHC class I regions unveils insertions/deletions as the major path to genomic divergence

Comparative sequencing of human and chimpanzee MHC class I regions unveils insertions/deletions as the major path to genomic divergence

A detailed physical map of the porcine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region: Comparison with human and mouse MHC class III regions

Genomic analysis of MIC genes in rhesus macaques

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