Bat and Soil Studies for Sources of Histoplasmosis in Florida

DiSalvo, Arthur F.; Bigler, William J.; Ajello, Libero; Johnson, Joseph E.; Palmer, Joseph W.

doi:10.2307/4594044

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…H. capsulatum is a dimorphic fungal pathogen with two distinct morphological forms, filamentous and yeast, depending on the nutritional factors and temperature (Maresca and Kobayashi, 1989). H. capsulatum is found in nature primarily as a saprophytic mold, and exists in soils enriched with organic nitrogen sources such as animal excrements, or when grown in the laboratory at less than 35°C (Emmons, 1950, 1956a,b; Zeidberg et al, 1952; Alteras, 1966; Emmons et al, 1966; Disalvo et al, 1970; Smith, 1971a,b). The mold form is composed of hyaline septate hyphae that produce two different asexual reproduction structures, macroconidia and microconidia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody Therapy for Histoplasmosis

Nosanchuk¹,

Zancopé‐Oliveira²,

Hamilton³

et al. 2012

Front. Microbio.

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The endemic human pathogenic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum is a major fungal pathogen with a broad variety of clinical presentations, ranging from mild, focal pulmonary disease to life-threatening systemic infections. Although azoles, such as itraconazole and voriconazole, and amphotericin B have significant activity against H. capsulatum, about 1 in 10 patients hospitalized due to histoplasmosis die. Hence, new approaches for managing disease are being sought. Over the past 10 years, studies have demonstrated that monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can modify the pathogenesis of histoplasmosis. Disease has been shown to be impacted by mAbs targeting either fungal cell surface proteins or host co-stimulatory molecules. This review will detail our current knowledge regarding the impact of antibody therapy on histoplasmosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody Therapy for Histoplasmosis

Nosanchuk¹,

Zancopé‐Oliveira²,

Hamilton³

et al. 2012

Front. Microbio.

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show abstract

“…Hc is found in nature primarily as a saprophytic mold, and exists in soils enriched with organic nitrogen sources, like animal excrements (Emmons, 1950, 1956a,b; Zeidberg et al, 1952; Alteras, 1966; Emmons et al, 1966; Disalvo et al, 1970; Smith, 1971a,b). Additionally, the fungus can grow as a mold when cultured on laboratory mediums at less than 35°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface architecture of Histoplasma capsulatum

Guimarães

Cerqueira²,

Nosanchuk

2011

Front. Microbio.

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The dimorphic fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum is the most frequent cause of clinically significant fungal pneumonia in humans. H. capsulatum virulence is achieved, in part, through diverse and dynamic alterations to the fungal cell surface. Surface components associated with H. capsulatum pathogenicity include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and melanins. Here, we describe the various structures comprising the cell surface of H. capsulatum that have been associated with virulence and discuss their involvement in the pathobiology of disease.

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“…H. capsulatum is thermally dimorphic (94). The fungus is primarily a mould in the environment, as a saprophytic organisms in soils enriched with organic nitrogen sources like animal excrements, or when grown in the laboratory at less than 35ºC (3,29,(40)(41)(42)(43)124,125,159) (Fig. 1a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of histoplasmosis

Guimarães

Nosanchuk²,

Zancopé‐Oliveira³

2006

Braz. J. Microbiol.

176

206

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Endemic mycoses can be challenging to diagnose and accurate interpretation of laboratory data is important to ensure the most appropriate treatment for the patients. Although the definitive diagnosis of histoplasmosis (HP), one of the most frequent endemic mycoses in the world, is achieved by direct diagnosis performed by micro and/or macroscopic observation of Histoplasma capsulatum (H. capsulatum), serologic evidence of this fungal infection is important since the isolation of the etiologic agents is time-consuming and insensitive. A variety of immunoassays have been used to detect specific antibodies to H. capsulatum. The most applied technique for antibody detection is immunodiffusion with sensitivity between 70 to 100 % and specificity of 100%, depending on the clinical form. The complement fixation (CF) test, a methodology extensively used on the past, is less specific (60 to 90%). Detecting fungal antigens by immunoassays is valuable in immunocompromised individuals where such assays achieve positive predictive values of 96-98%. Most current tests in diagnostic laboratories still utilize unpurified antigenic complexes from either whole fungal cells or their culture filtrates. Emphasis has shifted, however, to clinical immunoassays using highly purified and well-characterized antigens including recombinant antigens. In this paper, we review the current conventional diagnostic tools, such as complement fixation and immunodiffusion, outline the development of novel diagnostic reagents and methods, and discuss their relative merits and disadvantages to the immunodiagnostic of this mycosis.

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Bat and Soil Studies for Sources of Histoplasmosis in Florida

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

Antibody Therapy for Histoplasmosis

Antibody Therapy for Histoplasmosis

Surface architecture of Histoplasma capsulatum

Diagnosis of histoplasmosis

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